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jar <br /> c:.s sicaatzan, c:.e r.•;a:cca.;,an =ix: ra would Aove as a bulk ­ a <br /> azld :_`.e eauilibrit:.^. part;� -uid <br /> • "an_::x cacti _auid 'notr be aaplic:.ble. <br /> 5c.2.2 ._axisport' �tld Tts:�s£c_arise ?-acesses <br /> i:ansport and crznsro�...ation of iraividuai ftztl oil ccnszri,.tanrs ^� <br /> will de. on the physicochemical (and biological) properties of the <br /> consct=-exits_ Soma conszin:encs will dissolve more quickly in the <br /> Percolating ground Waters, be sorbed less strongly an the sails <br /> Chus <br /> being Zransparted more rspidly, and may ba more or less susceptiblea <br /> dagraaacion by chemical or biological action. 'thus. as was shown in � <br /> Figure 65-1, the relative concentraczonz of the constztuents of the .� <br /> fuel will vary with time and distance from the si.ce of conraLmination, <br /> This eff&cc is callad -seacnering� . (This carmt is also used to <br /> deserzbe the changes to oil following spills in= surfaces waters where <br /> Fila spreading and breakun, and differential volatilization, <br /> dissolucion and degradation are all involved. ) <br /> ►ransport processes have oeen shown co be more signzricanc -,han <br /> cranstarisacxon processes in determining the initial face of lover ; <br /> molecular weight petroleum hydrocarbons released to soil/ground-water <br /> systems. However. due ca the lover water solubilities and Lover vapor <br /> pressures of the higher zolecuiar weight hydrocarbons, environmental <br /> crsnsiormacion processes rrav be increasingly significant <br /> hydrocarbons in the CEar <br /> the LQ -Cts range characteristic of diesel fuel and in <br /> Cts range expecced in residual fuel ails. Spain ec al. (1846) <br /> demonstrated that compounds having up ca nine carbons are 'leathered <br /> almost exclusively by evaparacion: larger compounds were weathered by ,� <br /> evaporation and biadegradacion. <br /> Under conditions of Li=lied ualaciiicscion � <br /> subsurf:.ce release or concenrraced spill) ocher trans =peracures, <br /> Including downvarG nigra- _oto ::te soil. sorption pca soils.processes <br /> c.rnsnorz= ca ground wacer may he i:anorcanc. Several auchors ( L81L. <br /> 2243.225Z."-229) have repor4aa chac oil substances released to <br /> hicSLank over ow n ar les co sails cesulc in a separate organic phase _ <br /> 1hic;z moves downward througn Cne unsaturated zone ca the less permeable <br /> Laver. the soil/ground-water 5ounclar-r, -here chew tend ca accumuface <br /> and spread hori=oncally. <br /> the organic laver E_aacir.z on cue ground -lacer is carried in the <br /> general direccion of grounct -acer claw. At the oiL-water incerrace. � <br /> some hydrocarbons are Leaches according co their aqueous solubilic-r. <br /> Ps discussed in Chapter 54• c'a pollucZon caused by the hydrocarOon �} <br /> Phase is garb less extensive ( :0s- L00s Of ma cers) than pollution causes <br /> ('18by hvdracarbons disso ivea .:s grouna •-acer (LOOs- LOOOs of �ecers 1 <br /> lav . verz=hediffe. the : r-ca^t of migracion of the hydrocarbon phase <br /> r�av be very different __on chac of the ground uacer. Oue ca <br /> EiuCL•.tacians in ground-water a levaclan over time. the organic laver on <br /> COO of the c aquifer may -e W_anspar'ced --nro several cones where Cha <br /> can�enencs occur .n cue caseous <br /> direcc�ons, including k`q id a (able ca diff-se _n all <br /> ,aware , phase (adsorbed onto rock <br /> aartic�es or sealed unser _act:) or dissalvee/ zmulsif_ed ::t voter <br /> a <br /> 6/87 <br /> - I <br />