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UT M0= GASOLINE <br /> 65-15 <br /> {d <br /> before its intended use. Since <br /> i-c is possible for � � gallon of ' <br /> gasoline containing 1t benzene by volume to eoacam=• __ I million <br /> liters (2.69 million gallons) of water co rhe drinking idard of <br /> Z ppb, underground gasoline storage ranks are a major en- --OnmentaL <br /> concern (2320) , i <br /> Many authors have documented ground-water roam*.:cion as a <br /> result of hydrocarbon spills. For example. Osgood 2 <br /> 200 hydrocarbon spills in Fs g (23 2) reported that <br /> time. 14 public wacar Supplies polluted or thraaceaed,d 104 wells <br /> seriousi d—gad.s ad <br /> Y g and one spill resulted in the subsurface discharge <br /> of over 270,000 gallons of gasoline. Matis (2323) reported over 60 <br /> � <br /> cases o� round-avatar contamination t� g --�.«�cion is Maryland from I959 to 1970. , <br /> Drinking water contamination caused by gasoline migration and <br /> Subsequent penetration of a subsurface water supply line has also been <br /> raportad (2321) ; the most serious contaminant was ethylene dibromida <br /> I (®8), a gasoline additive. IDB has been raporcad to be present in <br /> l leadad gasoline in sufficient quantities to constitute a threat to <br /> ground water following a gasoline discharge to the environment (2320) . <br /> E` Due to the extensive use o£ asoline and its <br /> g potential for <br /> aaviraamaacal release during use, storage or trasisport. several groups <br /> have addressed its fate. The fat& of gasoline in the soil environmant <br /> { is :basidcall a function of the solubility, volatili <br /> Y ty, ty, sorption. and <br /> dagradation of its major components. The relative importance of each <br /> � .� of these processes is influenced by the type of con*amin&Cion -(e.g., <br /> _ surface spill vM. underground release, major vs. minor quantity) . soil <br /> rypa (a-g., organic Conten, previous history of concami ation), and ' <br /> environmental conditions (a.g.. VH, tamperature, oxygen eoataat). <br /> {I, 'transport processes have been shown to be more significant than <br /> transformation processes in determining the initial fate of pecrolaum <br /> ! t� hydrocarbons released to soil/ground-water systems (1845.1848.1846) . <br /> 1 For gasoline released to surface sails or waters. transport to the <br /> atmosphere through volatilization is expeccad to be the primary fate <br /> pathv&y; subsequent atmosphari , photolysis is expected to be rapid <br /> (1845) . Spain 9M -a-I. (1846) demonstrated that compounds having up to <br /> nine carbons are weacherad almost exclusively by evaporation: larger <br /> compounds were weathered primarily by evaporation and biodegradation. <br /> 1 <br /> Composition dais for gasoline vapor indicate that Cs-Ca aliphatic <br /> hydrocarbons are rapidly volatilized (2324) . <br /> [Fader coaditiotss of limited volacilizacion (low tamperacures, <br /> subsurface release or concentrated spill) downward migration into the <br /> soil and to the ground water may be important. Several authors <br /> (1811.2243.2252.2329) have reported that oil substances released in <br /> significant quantities to soils result in a separate organic phase <br /> which moves dcnmv&rd through the unsaturated zone to the lass par=able <br /> layer. the soil/ground-vatar boundary, where they tend to accumulate <br /> and spread horizontally. <br /> is <br /> Ei <br /> l <br /> 6/87 <br /> QL <br /> � I <br /> a � <br /> f <br />