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Such certified laboratories maintain rigid in-house QA/QC programs. These <br /> in-house programs are designed to ensure the data they report are precise <br /> (i.e. they can be reproduced repeatedly for a given sample) and that the <br /> analytical procedures are relatively free of systematic bias (i.e. , that <br /> the data reported are reasonably accurate representations of the <br /> conditions) . The internal QC programs involve routine analyses of standard <br /> reference samples supplied by regulatory agencies, blank samples, blanks <br /> with standard additions of known concentrations of constituents, internal <br /> sample duplicates, and actual samples spiked with known quantities of <br /> constituents. Duplicate samples collected by the field investigation team <br /> and provided unidentified to the laboratories will serve as additional QC <br /> checks on laboratory performance. If quality control audits of the data <br /> result in detection of unacceptable data, the individual in charge of the <br /> specific investigation will be responsible for developing and initiating <br /> corrective action, as discussed in Section 4.3.2.1 under corrective action <br /> for sampling procedures. <br /> Laboratory data reports will be closely scrutinized for <br /> reasonableness. This will include the use of relative ratios of various <br /> constituents to identify anomalously low or high readings and correlating <br /> data by soil type and sample location. <br /> Equipment calibration and maintenance will be the responsibility of <br /> the certified laboratories. The laboratories will follow established <br /> procedures consistent with the specified analytical tests for each <br /> parameter (see Section 5.2) and equipment. <br /> 4.3.3 Sample Custody and Documentation <br /> Sample custody procedures are a vital aspect of any environmental <br /> sampling event. Each sample or field measurement must be properly <br /> documented to facilitate timely, correct and complete analysis. The sample <br /> chain of custody procedure provides the means to identify, track, and <br /> monitor each sample from the point of collection through final data <br /> reporting. <br /> A-3 <br />