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0 • results of the previous pump test conducted suggest a possible low well recharge rate at a shallower depth. The low recharge rate could further prolong the treatment time. In view of the treatment duration, the overall effectiveness of the groundwater pump -and -treat is considered moderate. 4.1.2 Implementability In general, a groundwater pump -and -treat system is easy to implement. Many, if not all, of the system components, such as well pumps and carbon adsorbers, are commercially available. Even though some equipment, like the air stripper, may require fabrication, the typical design and fabrication time lasts not more than six months. Some of the preparatory activities prior to treatment, however, could take more than six months. These include acquisition of system construction and operating permits from the Authority to Construct (ATC) and Permit to Operate (PTO) from SJVAPCD, and the POTW discharge permit. Although the site is located in an industrial/commercial mixed area, many single-family residences are nearby. Since the site does not have much unoccupied space, installation of the many pieces of bulky aboveground treatment equipment within the site property may not be feasible. Local community acceptance may also be an issue particularly if the treatment equipment has to be installed in a location that is in plain view to nearby residents. As such, the implementability of the pump -and -treat alternative is also considered moderate to low. 4.1.3 Cost Major capital cost items for pump -and -treat typically include procurement of permits, equipment, and specialty installation subcontractors such as a licensed well driller, a surveyor, an electrician, and an analytical laboratory. O&M costs include startup testing, periodic monitoring of system performance, utilities, and maintenance of equipment, such as replacement of spent carbon media and filter bags. Water treatment chemical cost will need to be included if pre- treatment with chemicals is determined necessary. Based on a well pumping rate of approximately 0.5 gallons per minute (gpm) (Shaw, 2003) and the anticipated number of wells required within the approximate treatment area, the pump -and - treat system is not expected to exceed 10 gpm in capacity. The cost of a typical 10-gpm pump - and -treat system could take between $50,000 and $100,000 to install and $50,000 to $100,000 for annual field operation of the system, depending on the extent of pre-treatment and emissions control required. Despite some of the unknowns, this alternative would likely be considered costly particularly if the treatment operation would take a long time. Historically, a pump -and - treat system is typical designed for a lifetime of 10 to 30 years. As such, the cost effectiveness of this alternative is considered moderate to low. FS Onsite Petroleum Hydrocarbon Remediation.doc 4-3 Shaw Environmental, Inc.