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�y <br /> microorganisms listed are aerobic microbes which means that <br /> oxygen can quickly become a limiting nutrient if it is not <br /> replenished. It is also evident from Table 1 that no one <br /> genus <br /> is solely responsible for the biodegradation activities (2) . One <br /> way bacteria are organized 1s by their reaction to a special <br /> f <br /> stain, the gram stain. The highly adaptable pseudomonads are <br /> gram negative while the f major organisms in surface soils are gram <br /> } <br /> j positive. Table 1 shows that there are both gram positive <br /> (Corynebacterium, Sarcina, Bacillus, Stre tom ces, etc.) and gram <br /> negative (Achromobacter, C to ha a, Flay bacterin-, Pseudomonas, <br /> etc.) bacteria involved as well as a,ti'tide ay .of fungi . <br /> A major component of petroleum c ons is the aromatic <br /> fraction. The initial oxida.'t o eps per;rormed on these ' <br /> components ars listed ina <br /> ). From this table, one can <br /> see that` a large range - ar� atic compounds is oxidized to the <br /> dihydrodiols, strut e :i Figure 10, by both bacteria and fungi. I <br /> An outline of the degra i,)n paths;ays for euraryotic (fungi ) and <br /> procaryotic (bacteria) is stown 'in Fig. O. Sactr:rial <br /> 17 <br /> degradation proceeds to the catechol stege f^om which it proceeds j <br /> to final mineralization via either th ;seta cleavage or Ortho <br /> e <br /> cleava . <br /> } � g pathway. . Microbial mineralization is the complete <br /> transformation of a 'compound to CO2, water, salts, and biomass <br /> production. <br /> f The fungi , as with other higher life forms, possess a whole set <br /> '} _ <br /> -- -af-.special.--enzymes—phi-ch--ori l l---convert the .aromatic ring -to--an ------- ----- ----- --- <br /> oxide, whi ch then <br /> Am <br /> 4 . 1 . goes nonenzymaLically to phenol or i <br /> S - i <br /> is - <br />