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copy of the SSHP for this project to each subcontractor for implementation by the subcontractor's employees. HAZARD ANALYSIS The site specific potential hazards to personnel working have been identified as chemical hazards and physical hazards. Each potential hazard, the potential for exposure, and recommended control for all the sites are presented in Table A-1. CHEMICAL HAZARDS The chemical related health hazards of this project are primarily from POLs (specifically benzene and TPH). The primary routes for exposure from POLs at these sites may result from inhalation and skin contact. Secondary exposures will be from polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and particulates not otherwise regulated (PNOCs). Potential chemical hazards, exposure limits and chemical characteristics for key chemicals that may be present at the site are listed in Table A-2. Benzene. Benzene is regulated by OSHA as an occupational carcinogen and has been associated with leukemia. Acute health effects include irritation to the eyes, nose and respiratory system, headache, giddiness, nausea, and anorexia. Benzene exposure can also lead to disturbances in gait, dermatitis, and bone marrow depression. The other BTEX compounds (toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes) may cause irritation to the eyes, nose and respiratory system and dermatitis. Acute exposure can lead to central nervous system effects including headache, dizziness, confusion and irritability. Exposure to toluene may also result in pupil dilatation, nervousness, reproductive toxicity and insomnia. Elevated concentrations of xylene isomers may lead to corneal damage, and gastrointestinal symptoms including abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons. TPH refers to heavy hydrocarbons that may present a fire hazard in extreme circumstances, such as the presence of flame, excessive heat or strong oxidizers. An exposure limit for TPH has not been established due to the varied chemical composition. Presently, there are no known chronic health hazards associated with TPH. Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Residues of gasoline and diesel fuels may contain PAHs, also called polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PNAHs). Although their presence is not likely, most of these coal tar derivatives and products of combustion are known as human carcinogens. Routes of entry include inhalation, gastrointestinal and skin contact. They are not usually very volatile. Therefore, unless they are known to be present at significant concentrations, high odors of fuels are evident, or dust clouds are present, the primary method of protection is by avoiding skin contact. The ACGIH Time Weighted Average TLV for coal tar pitch volatiles is 0.2 mg/m3. Sampling for coal tar pitch volatiles should be conducted if they are truly suspected. P:\20000\20587\SSHP Ri.d. Page 4