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Soils Description The soil types at the Ed Nunes Dai production Yp Dairy p duction and farm area as referenced from the Soil Survey E of San Joaquin County, soil panel #26, Escalon Quadrangle are: Soil #180 (Jacktone clay), Soil #193 (Madera sandy loam), Soil #196 (Manteca fine sandy loam, and Soil #250 (Stockton clay). Refer to Soil Map in Appendix D. Soil #180-Jacktone clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes. This somewhat poorly drained, nearly level soil is in basins. It is moderately deep to a hardpan. It formed in alluvium derived from mixed rock sources. Mottles in the profile indicate a somewhat poorly drained soil; drainage has been improved by levees and reclamation projects. A few areas are dissected by intermittent sloughs that have been filled as a result of land leveling. Elevation is 5 to 100 feet. The average annual precipitation'is about r1l4 inches, the average annual air temperature is about 60 degrees F, and the average frost-free period is about 270 days. Typically, the surface layer is very dark gray and dark gray clay about 22 inches thick. The upper 12 inches of the subsoil is dark gray clay and light gray clay loam. The next 3 inches is a light gray, strongly cemented to indurated hardpan. The next 9 inches is yellowish brown loam. The lower part to a depth of 60 inches is a yellowish brown, weakly cemented hardpan. a . In some areas the surface layer is silty clay or silty clay loam. Included in this unit are small areas of Arche'rdale soils and small areas of Jacktone soils that have moderately coarse textured overwash. Both of these included soils are on the slightly higher parts of the landscape. Also included, in landscape positions similar to those of the dominant Jacktone soil, are small areas of ! Hollenbeck and Stockton soils and fine textured soils that are highly calcareous or saline-sodic. Included areas make up about 15 percent of the total acreage. Permeability is slow in the Jacktone soil. Availably: water capacity is moderate. The shrink-swell potential is high. The effective rooting depth is limited by the hardpan at a depth of 20 to 40 inches. Depth to the water table is more than 5 feet, but water may be briefly perched above the hardpan after periods'of heavy rainfall or irrigation. -Runoff is slow, and the hazard of water erosion is slight. The rate of water intake in irrigated areas is 0.1 inch per hour. The soil is subject to rare flooding, which occurs during years of abnormally high precipitation. Most areas are used for irrigated crops, orchards, or vineyards. A few areas are used as irrigated pasture or for urban development. This unit may provide wetland functions and values. These should be considered in plans for enhancement of wildlife habitat or land use conversion. This unit is suited to irrigated row, field, orchard, and vineyard crops. The main limitations are the slow permeability and depth to the hardpan. Because of the restricted permeability, water applications should be regulated so that the water does not :stand on the surface and damage the crops. The hardpan limits the suitability for deep-rooted crops. Where . feasible, deep ripping of this restrictive layer can help to overcome this limitation. The soil should f be cultivated only within a narrow range of moisture content. It is too sticky when wet-and too hard when dry. Furrow, border, and sprinkler 'irrigation systems are suitable. Retuming crop residue to the soil or regularly adding other organic material improves fertility, minimizes crusting, and t increases.the rate of water intake. This unit is suited to irrigated pasture. Irrigation water can be applied by sprinkler and border methods. Leveling helps to ensure a uniform application of water. Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, and restricted grazing during wet periods help to keep the pasture in good condition and protect the soil from compaction: If this unit is used for urban development, the main limitations are the high shrink-swell potential, the slow permeability, depth