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EXTOXNET PIP-ESFENVALE RATE htip://ace.orst.cdu/cgi-bin/inf's/01/pips/csfenval.iitnt less than 0.02% of the parent compound found in the urine and 20% of the major metabolite present. Higher concentrations of the parent compound are present in the feces. In the rat, fenvalerate is rapidly broken down and almost completely eliminated within several days. One study { indicated mammals eliminated 96% in the feces in 6 to 14 days [32]. While the data presented here are for fenvalerate, esfenvalerate behaves in the same manner [33]. Ecological Effects: * Effects on birds: Esfenvalerate is slightly toxic to birds. Oral LD50 values for the compound are 1312 mg/kg in bobwhite quail and greater than 2250 mg/kg in mallard ducks [12]. Effects on aquatic organisms: Based on laboratory studies. fish are very sensitive to esfenvalerate. i It has a 96-hour LC50 of 0.0003 mg/L in bluegill, 0.0003 mg/L in rainbow trout, 0.001 mg/L in carp, and 0.0002 mg/L in killfish [5]. The LC50 in Daphnia magna, an aquatic invertebrate, is 0.001 mg/L. The pesticide is very highly toxic to these species. Water turbidity, such as would be found in the field, tends to reduce the toxicity of this compound [5]. Bioaccumulation factors in rainbow trout are about 400 times the background (ambient water concentration of the pesticide) levels [5]. • Effects on other organisms: Esenvalerate is highly toxic to bees. The compound tends to repel I� bees for a day or two after application, causing bee visitations to drop during that time [5]. Since most intoxicated bees die in the field before they can return to contaminate the hive, the brood is not exposed except by direct spray. Dried spray residues are not expected to pose a significant threat to bees [5]. Environmental Fate: i • Breakdown in soil and groundwater: Under >leld-conditions, esfenvalerate is moderately persistent with ahalf-life ranging from about 15,days�to three months depending on soil type [25]. In a soil laboratory study, 7%of the applied chemical was lost in 90 days. Esfenvalerate and its breakdown products are relatively immobile in soil and thus pose little risk to groundwater (11]. The compounds ability to bind to soil increases with increasing organic matter. It is very insoluble in water. Fenvalerate has not been found in over 100'tested groundwater supplies [34]. * Breakdown in water: Esfenvalerate will break down in water to one-half of the original amount (half-life) in about twenty-one days due to sunlight [I I]. * Breakdown in vegetation: The parent compound is the residue most often found on foliage. In a i series of trials in Canada where 16 varieties of fruits and vegetables were grown under typical M outdoor conditions, no degradation products or metabolites were found (tests were sensitive to 0.05 mg/kg). Sampling was from I to 112 days after application. The half-life of esfenvalerate on plant surfaces is 2 to 4 weeks [31]. Physical Properties., * Appearance: The pure compound exists as colorless crystals; the technical product as an amber liquid [12]. • Chemical Name: (S)-alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl(S)-2-(-4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyrate [12] • CAS Number: 66230-04-4 a • Molecular Weight: 419.90 1 • Water Solubility: <0.3 mg/L at 25 C, insoluble in water [12] • Solubility in Other Solvents: v.s. in hexane, acetone, chloroform, and methanol @ 20 C [12] • Melting Point: 59-60 C [12] • Vapor Pressure: 0.067 mPa @ 25 C [12] I I. i of 4 1/26/00 8:59 AM