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f Greenhouse Gas Emissions Technical Report Mountain House Neighborhoods K&L,San Joaquin County, California 3.2.1 Renewable Power Requirements A major component of California's Renewable Energy Program is the RPS established under Senate Bills (SBs) 1078 (Sher) and 107 (Simitian). Under the RPS, certain retail sellers of electricity are required to increase the amount of renewable energy each year by at least 1% in order to reach at least 20% by December 31, 2010. CARB has now approved an even higher goal of 33% by 2020. Renewable sources of electricity include wind, small hydropower, solar, geothermal, biomass, and biogas. The increase in renewable sources for electricity production will decrease indirect GHG emissions from the Project because electricity production from renewable sources is generally considered "carbon neutral." For purposes of this analysis, ENVIRON assumes that the production of electricity from these renewable sources does not produce any net emissions of CO2 or other GHGs. F1 As noted above, indirect GHG:emissions are associated with electricity use, as the electricity used in a building is typically generated offsite at the power plant. As stated previously, the Project would be supplied electricity by Modesto Irrigation District (MID). The 2007 MID carbon- intensity factor is presented in.Table 3 in pounds (Ibs) of CO2e per megawatt hour (MWh)." This,emission factor (833.46 Ib/MWh), which is used for the Baseline scenario, is the CaIEEMod default emission factor for MID.1' This emission factor takes into account the mix of energy sources used to generate electricity for MID,19 and the relative carbon intensities of these sources. As shown in Table 3, MID's 2007 mix of energy sources contains some portion of 1 renewable sources. The RPS requires that utilities increase this mix to 206% by 2010.20 Table 3 shows ENVIRON's adjustments of the 2007 emission factor to this 20% goal. The resultant carbon intensity factor of 752.3 Ib/MWh was used for the Project scenario. ENVIRON also scaled the CaIEEMod default N20 and CH4 emissions according to this same factor. If the 33% renewable sources target for 2020 were used, the CO2 emission factor would decrease even further. This 33% renewable sources goal was conservatively not accounted for in this analysis. 3.2.2 Vehicle Emissions Standards/lmprorred Fuel Economy The two regulatory measures considered in this section are the vehicle GHG emission standards enacted under AB 1493 (Pavley 1) and the Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS). Pavley I is a clean-car standard that reduces GHG emissions from new passenger vehicles (light duty auto—medium duty vehicle [LDA-MDV]) from 2009 through 2016. The LCFS requires a reduction of 2.5% in the carbon intensity of California's transportation fuels by 2015 and a reduction of at least 10% by 2020.21 r� "California Climate Action Registry(CCAR) Database. MID PUP Report. 2007. 18 Note that for certain baseline emissions calculations,such as building energy use, ENVIRON relied upon _. SJVAPCD emissions per dwelling unit that used California-wide emission factors. k 19 Natural gas, nuclear, coal,wind,solar, biogas, biomass, hydropower, and geothermal. 20 2002 Senate Bill 1078 and 2006 Senate Bill 107. y p ; 21 CARB's user guide for the Pavley I +Low Carbon Fuel Standard Postprocessor provides more detail. Available at: hftpJ/www.arb.ca.gov/cc/sb375/tools/pavleylefs-userguide.pdf, accessed August 2010. F1 �„� 03-25858A 9 EN V I R 0 N