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_ San Joaquin County Community Environmental Setting, Impacts,and Mitigation Measures Development Department Cultural Resources 3.E Cultural Resources Introduction This section describes existing cultural resources in the project area;presents the federal, state, and local policies and regulations that determine mitigation requirements; and identifies impacts associated with implementation of the proposed Project. Potential impacts of project alternatives on cultural resources are described and analyzed in Chapter 4,"Alternatives Analysis." The key sources of data and information used in the preparation of this section are listed below. ■ A record search conducted at the Central California Information Center. ■ A review of the archaeological,ethnographic, and historical literature. .. ■ Consultation with the California Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC)and Native American representatives. ■ Examination of historic maps. ■ Historical research. ■ Field surveys. r Information gathered as a result of these activities allowed identification of cultural resources in the study area and shaped the pedestrian survey strategy. Each of these methods, and their results, are outlined below. Environmental Setting ` Physical Setting This section provides background information on cultural resources in the study area,including the area's prehistoric, ethnographic,and historic settings,and .. summarizes the results of previous archaeological and architectural investigations of the area. Prehistoric Context Although few archaeological sites demonstrate evidence of human occupation of the San Joaquin Valley during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene epochs (12,000-6,000 B.P.),this is likely a product of the archaeological record itself rather than lack of human habitation in the valley. Most Pleistocene- and DeSilva Gates Quarry Project Draft Environmental Impact Report 3.E-1 J85 05105.05 r