|
EXTOXNET PIP -DDT
<br /> Nme Pagel of E
<br /> EXTOXNET
<br /> Extension Toxicology Network
<br /> Pesticide Information Profiles
<br /> A Pesticide Information Project of Cooperative Extension Offices of Cornell University, Oregon State University, the
<br /> University of Idaho, and the University of California at Davis and the Institute for Environmental Toxicology, Michigan
<br /> State University. Major support and funding was provided by the USDA/Extension Service/National Agricultural
<br /> Pesticide Impact Assessment Program.
<br /> EXTOXNET primary files maintained and archived at Oregon State University
<br /> Revised June 1996
<br /> DDT
<br /> (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane)
<br /> TRADE OR OTHER NAMES: Trade or other names include Anofex, Cesarex, Chlorophenothane, Dedelo,p,pO-DDT,
<br /> Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, Dinocide, Didimac, Digmar, ENT 1506, Genitox, Guesapon, Guesarol, Gexarex, Gyron,
<br /> Hildit, Ixodex, Kopsol, Neocid, OMS 16, Micro DDT 75, Pentachlorin, Rukseam, R50 and Zerdane(79,73).
<br /> REGULATORY STATUS: DDT is no longer registered for use in the United States, although it is still used in other
<br /> (primarily tropical) countries. It is in EPA Toxicity Class II, moderately toxic (72). DDT was banned from use in the
<br /> United States in 1972, and remains banned barring public health emergency (e.g., outbreak of malaria) (73).
<br /> CHEMICAL CLASS: Organochlorine
<br /> INTRODUCTION: DDT is an organochlorine insecticide used mainly to control mosquito-borne malaria; use on crops
<br /> has generally been replaced by less persistent insecticides (79). It was extensively used during the Second World War
<br /> among Allied troops and certain civilian populations to control insect typhus and malaria vectors, and was then
<br /> extensively used as an agricultural insecticide after 1945 (73). DDT was banned for use in Sweden in 1970 and in the
<br /> United States in 1972 (73). Many insect pests may have developed resistance to DDT (79). Unless otherwise specified,
<br /> the toxicological, environmental effects and environmental fate and chemistry data presented here refer to the technical
<br /> product DDT. Technical grade DDT is actually a mixture of three isomers of DDT, principally the p,p'-DDT isomer(ca.
<br /> 85%), with the o,p'-DDT and o,o'-DDT isomers typically present in much lesser amounts (73).
<br /> FORMULATION: It is available in several different forms: aerosols, dustable powders, emulsifiable concentrates,
<br /> granules and wettable powders (79, 72). It is reported to be compatible with many other pesticides and incompatible with
<br /> alkaline substances (79).
<br /> TOXICOLOGICAL EFFECTS
<br /> . Acute Toxicity: DDT is moderately to slightly toxic to studied mammalian species via the oral route. Reported oral
<br /> LD50s range from 113 to 800 mg/kg in rats (79,73); 150-300 mg/kg in mice (79); 300 mg/kg in guinea pigs (73);
<br /> 400 mg/kg in rabbits (73) ; 500-750 mg/kg in dogs (79) and greater than 1,000 mg/kg in sheep and goats (79).
<br /> Toxicity will vary according to formulation (79). DDT is readily absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract, with
<br /> http://extoxnet.orst.edu/pips/ddt.htm 3/7/2007
<br />
|