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.r should be added to water at a rate of 500 to 900 that multiple applications ofnitrogen fertilizer were pounds of gypsum per acre-foot, on a continuous no more efficient than a single application (slug). basis. This increases the calcium concentration in Research in a drip irrigated vineyard using isotopi- ,,. the water by 2 to 4 meq./L. The spreading of gyp- cally labeled ammonium sulfate and comparing sum on the soil surface and down the vine row multiple applications versus slug treatment are (where the drip line is located) also improves shown in Table 2 (page 5). No clear advantage in infiltration, but the benefit may not last the entire multiple applications was apparent. The percent N season.Gypsum must be reapplied the beginning of derived from fertilizer in leaves, roots, trunk, and each irrigation season. Don't apply in the fall canes did not vary with application technique.Note: because winter rains will leach the calcium and the To reduce the potential for salt injury,no more than benefit will be lost by spring. Ammonium-based 20 pounds of nitrogen should be applied in a single fertilizers and potassium applied through the drip application. r system may reduce infiltration rates. Calcium, potassium, and magnesium interact or Vine Nutrition and Fertilization: The unique compete on the soil's cation exchange, and they distribution of water and salt in the soil beneath a compete for entry into plants. It has been noted in drip system helps reduce the leaching of nitrogen vineyards in the San Joaquin Valley, particularly and other nutrients.Also,the proliferation of annual with drip irrigated vineyards,that applying calcium roots in a limited volume of soil enhances uptake of over the years, to improve water infiltration, has applied nutrients. With drip irrigation, salts in the reduced potassium and magnesium levels in the soil move to the periphery of the wetted zone and vine.Also,the application of potassium through the towards the surface in row middles. Very little drip system has been implicated in the subsequent water, salts, or nutrients are lost below the root appearance of magnesium deficiency. The interac- system providing irrigations are scheduled properly. tion of calcium, potassium, and magnesium on grapevine nutrition,particularly with drip irrigation, This was demonstrated by research applying nitro- needs to be investigated more thoroughly. gen fertilizer through a drip system which showed J William L. Peacock Viticulture Farm Advisor (559) 685-3309, Ext. 217 Grape Notes # January 2002 # Page 3