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Order No. R5-2009-0097 - 4 - Conditional 4 -Conditional Waiver of Waste Discharge Requirements for Small Food Processors and Small Wineries Within the Central Valley Region Wastewater Concentration Range Other Food Constituent Units Wineries Processors pH Std.units 2 to 11 5 to 9 Biochemical Oxygen Demand mg/L 300 to 12,000 300 to 2,000 Total Dissolved Solids mg/L 80 to 6,000 400 to 2,300 Total Nitrogen mg/L 1 to 50 1 to 150 18. If food processing wastewater is applied to cropped land or landscaped areas at reasonable hydraulic and nutrient loading rates, and in accordance with the conditions of this Order, there should be little potential for water quality degradation. The nitrogen in the wastewater and some of the nutritive salts will be utilized by the plants. In a well aerated mineral soil, the pH will be buffered, and the biochemical oxygen demand will be reduced through microbial activity. Oxidation of organic matter is enhanced by warm weather conditions, which are typical of the food processing season in the Central Valley Region. Where process wastewater is used for irrigation, best management practices to prevent discharges of irrigation tailwater will protect surface water quality. 19. Residual solids and wastewater generated by food processing can cause nuisance odors and attract vectors if not properly stored and/or discharged. However, use of best management practices, such as applying wastewater and residual solids at agronomic rates, incorporating the residual solids, and minimizing the potential for standing water, will prevent nuisance conditions. 20. Water is in short supply in some areas within the Central Valley Region, and food processors in those areas may practice water conservation measures, producing less wastewater than the average for a particular food processing industry. Due to concentration effects, this wastewater may contain more BOD and/or nitrogen than described above. Therefore dischargers may need to analyze wastewater and residual solids periodically to determine reasonable nutrient and organic matter loading rates. 21 . Some smaller food processors have determined that it is more cost effective to store some or all of their wastewater in a holding tank and then transport the wastewater to an authorized disposal facility instead of discharging wastewater to land. There is little potential for water quality degradation associated with this method of wastewater disposal. However it is appropriate to require some monitoring to ensure that such wastes are transported by appropriately licensed haulers and discharged at appropriately permitted disposal facilities. 22. CWC Section 13269 provides, "Monitoring requirements shall be designed to support the development and implementation of the waiver program, including, but not limited to, verifying the adequacy and effectiveness of the waiver's conditions. In establishing monitoring requirements, the regional board may consider the volume, duration, frequency, and constituents of the discharge; the extent and type of existing monitoring