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XTOXNET PIP - LAMBDA CYHALOTHRIN Pagel of 4
<br /> EXTOXNET
<br /> Extension Toxicology Network
<br /> Pesticide Information Profiles
<br /> Pesticide Information Project of Cooperative Extension Offices of Cornell University, Oregon State University,'the
<br /> Jniversity of Idaho, and the University of California at Davis and the Institute for Environmental Toxicology,
<br /> 4ichigan State University. Major support and funding was provided by the USDA/Extension Service/National
<br /> kgricultural Pesticide Impact Assessment Program.
<br />;XTOXNET primary files maintained and archived at Oregon State University
<br /> � LAMBDA CYHALOTHRIN
<br /> TRADE OR OTHER NAMES: Trade names for products containing lambda cyhalothrin include Charge, Exca liber,
<br /> 3renade,Hallmark, Icon, Karate, Matador, OMS 0321, PP321, Saber, Samurai and Sentinel (62, 12).
<br /> REGULATORY STATUS: Lambda cyhalothrin is a Restricted Use Pesticide and so may be purchased and used only
<br /> ry certified applicators (62, 12). It is in EPA Toxicity Class II, and products containing it must bear the signal word
<br /> WARNING(106).
<br /> INTRODUCTION: Lambda cyhalothrin is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide and acaricide used to control a wide
<br /> range of pests in a variety of applications. Pests controlled include aphids, Colorado beetles and butterfly larvae (12).
<br /> Crops on which it may be applied include cotton, cereals,hops, ornamentals,potatoes,vegetables or others,(12). It may
<br /> also be used for structural pest management or in public health applications to control insects such as cockroaches,
<br /> mosquitoes,ticks and flies which may act as disease vectors (12). Lambda cyhalothrin is available as an emulsifiable
<br /> concentrate, wettable powder or ULV liquid (62, 12), and is commonly mixed with buprofezin,pirimicarb, dimethoate
<br /> or tetramethrin(12). It is compatible with most other insecticides and fungicides(12). Unless otherwise stated, data
<br /> presented herein refer to the technical product.
<br /> TOXICOLOGICAL EFFECTS
<br /> . Acute Toxicity: Lambda cyhalothrin is moderately toxic in the technical form, but may be highly toxic via some
<br /> routes in formulation (e.g., as Karate). Available data indicate that lambda cyhalothrin is moderately toxic via the
<br /> oral route in test animals. Reported oral LD50 values are 79 mg/kg and 56 mg/kg for male and female rats,
<br /> respectively (12, 107). The vehicle used was corn oil. The rat oral LD50 has also been reported as 144 mg/kg
<br /> (108). The reported rat LD50 for the technical product is similar, 64 mg/kg (107). These indicate moderate acute
<br /> toxicity via the oral route of exposure.No data were available regarding the acute toxicity of the technical
<br /> compound via the inhalation route,but for Karate the reported 4-hour inhalation LC50s were 0.175 mg/L and
<br /> 0.315 mg/L for female and male rats, respectively (107). These data indicate a moderate to high toxicity via the
<br /> inhalation route for the formulated product Karate. The technical product has reported dermal LD50s of 632
<br /> mg/kg and 696 mg/kg for male and female rats (vehicle used was propane-1,2-diol) (12, 107). It has also been
<br /> found to be non-irritating to the skin of rabbits (12, 107) and non-sensitizing to the skin of guinea pigs (107)but
<br /> may cause mild eye irritation in rabbits (12). The formulated product, Karate, however, causes severe primary
<br /> skin irritation in rabbits and mild skin sensitization in guinea pigs (107). Primary eye irritation also was observed
<br /> with the technical product(107). In addition to the corrosive effects to skin and eyes, other acute effects due to
<br /> exposure to lambda cyhalothrin, like those of other pyrethroids,will be mainly neuropathy (effects on the
<br /> nervous system) (107, 108). Cyhalothrin may act on ion channels within the nerve cells (neurons)to disrupt
<br /> proper function of the cells of both the peripheral and central nervous systems (108). At lower doses, this may
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