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A Technical Description of the AquaClear Extended-Aeration, Modified-Batch Process NOTES for the Treatment of Domestic Wastewater and Sewage to Meet California Title 22 Standards for Recycled Water A technical report, prepared by the National Sanitation Foundation (NSF), is included at the back of this document.The report is on the BIO-PURE process and based on secondary treatment only. The testing procedure used was NSF-C-9, which is more stringent than Standard 40. (NOTE: AquaClear Technologies Corp. is the sole owner of BIO- PURE, its processes, technologies, and technical data. AquaClear considers BIO-PURE data proprietary and restricts its use except where written permission is applied for and granted. The original test results are on file at the National Sanitation Foundation, Ann Arbor,Michigan.) The biological processes within the AquaClear system are funda- mentally the same as those of the BIO-PURE system tested in 1973. The differences are electrical, mechanical, pneumatic and batch tim- ing. These differences, some minor and some major, were incorpo- rated specifically to enhance the system's ability to consistently pro- duce high-quality output in larger systems while requiring minimal operator skills and low maintenance. In order to provide continuity to this description, it is necessary to review some basic biology physics as applied to the treatment of wastewater and particularly domestic sewage. ACTIVATED SLUDGE Although activated sludge is a biological process, biology did not influence treatment system design or operation until the past few years. While the basic process is not new, there are new develop- ments and refinements continuously being made in research labora- tories and in the field which directly affect the designs of high-quality activated sludge-based treatment systems. Activated sludge is generated by aerating a biologically degradable waste inti] a large mass of settleable solids forms. These settleable solids are active masses of organisms and are redesignated as acti- vated sludge. Activated sludge is not formed by special floc-forming bacteria, but rather is a natural phenomenon of all bacteria at a definite energy level. The aeration and mixing of fresh wastes with sludge that is recycled in the treatment process take place in the aeration chamber. Micro- organisms aerobically stabilize incoming organic matter and, as a batch,store the activated sludge in the aeration chamber until enough volume is available for transfer to a clarifier tank. This storing proc- 6