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i Technical Description ff Characteristics ofthe activated sludge play an important part in this settling time.A good food source, along with adequate oxygen, produces a fluffy bacteria. It is these light, fluffy bacteria that produce the floccing action in the clarifier. Because both the food source and oxygen are depleted in the clarifier, the sludge loses its fluffiness and is pulled down by gravity, leaving a visible separation ' between the supernatant, or clarified, liquid and the sludge. If the SSV-60 test indicates sludge-wasting is required, the following procedure should be used: After the supernatant has been transferred from the clarifier, 5% percent of the remaining sludge, which has no odor, may be returned to the buffer tank, discharged for direct drying on open beds, diverted to an optional sludge digester, or accumulated for disposal in designated areas. - Bio-Pure system will batch 6 494 gallons of mixed liquor to the clarifier EXAMPLE: A 30,000 gpd B o y , g q from the aeration chamber.After a 60-minute settling period in the clarifier,2,164 gallons of the batch are removed as supernatant and the remaining 4,329 gallons are classified as sludge. A minimum of five percent of the sludge, or 217 gallons, would be wasted. This wasting procedure follows recommendations described in Operation of Waste Treatment Plants published by California State University, Sacramento, Department of Civil Engineering, in cooperation with the California Water Pollution Control Association for the Federal Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water Program Operations. Bio-Pure systems have a field history of extremely low sludge generation and will probably not require sludge-wasting at all during the first 12 to 18 months of plant operation. After that period, wasting may be required as indicated by the SSV;60 test, normally about once each month. Remember that sludge generation is always a function of influent characteristics, treatment system design, collection t system integrity, and operator skills, with emphasis on operator skills. The Bio-Pure process, when compared to a flowthrough system,will produce a much higher quality effluent with far less sludge production. :! a The Bio-Pure process concept is covered, in part, in federal regulatory agency guidelines as detailed in Recommended Design Criteria for Activated Sludge Processes. The Bio-Pure batch reactor process is a modified version of the activated- sludge process. Known as a complete-mix system, it treats wastewater in batches, sequentially controlled by a microprocessor timing system. This unique feature makes possible effective, quality treatment of sewage, regardless of input surge-flow patterns. The principal steps are:. Raw sewage/wastewater enters the aeration tank,'where previously developed biological floc particles are brought into contact with the incoming, suspended organic matter. The organic matter is a carbon and energy source for cell growth and is converted into cell tissue and/or completely converted to carbon dioxide (CO2). The digestion process in the aeration chamber is initiated by the introduction of air into the incoming wastewater. The soluble material, oxidized material, settleable and suspended solids form the mixed ' liquor. This biological mass is referred to as the mixed liquor suspended solids (MI-.SS), or mixed 5