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180 CHAPTER 4: Introduction to Process Analysis and Design 4-2 WASTEWATER CONSTITUENT CONCENTRATIONS 181 TABLE 4-12 water quality measurements may vary over several orders of magnitude over a period Typical data on the unit loading factors and expected wastewater of a year. Because of this variation, it is often difficult to define "typical operating constituent concentrations from individual residences conditions"for industrial activities.If industrial wastes are to be discharged into the Concentration,mg/L collection system, it will be necessary to characterize them adequately before and Volume,gal/capita d(Ucapita d) after pretreatment to avoid plant upsets, especially with small systems. Constituent Unit Typical value* 50(189) 120(454) BOD, g/capita-d 85 450 187 Composition of Wastewater in Collection Systems COD g/capita-d 198 1050 436 TSS g/capita-d 95 503 209 Typical data on the composition of untreated domestic wastewater as found in NH3 as N g/capita-d 7.8 41.2 17.2 Org.N as N g/capita-d 5.5 29.1 12.1 wastewater collection systems are reported in Table 4-14. The data presented in :N as N g/capita d 13.3 70.4 29.3 Table 4-14 are based on an average flow of 120 gal/capita•d and include constituents rg.P as P g/capita-d 1.23 6.5 2.7 Inorg. P as P g/capita-d 2.05 10.8 4.5 Total P as P g/capita-d 3.28 17.3 7.2 TABLE 4-14 Oil and grease g/capita-d 31 164 68 Typical composition of untreated domestic wastewater* *Data from Table 4-11,Columns 6 and 7,assuming 25%of the homes have kitchen food-waste Concentration grinders. Contaminants Unit Range Typical' Solids,total(TS) mg/L 350-1200 700 TABLE 4-13 Dissolved solids,total(TDS) mg/L 280-850 500 Typical range of effluent constituent concentrations resulting Fixed mg/L 145-525 300 from two industrial activities Volatile mg/L 105-325 200 Suspended solids,total(TSS) mg/L 100-350 210 Winery Tomato cannery Fixed mg/L 20-75 55 Volatile mg/L 80-275 160 Peak Off Peak Off Settleable solids mUL 5-20 10 Constituent Unit season* seasons season' season§ Biochemical oxygen demand, Flowrate Mgal/d 0.30-0.46 0.12-0.27 1.1-5.9 0.3-1.7 5-d,20°C(BOD.,,20°C) mg/L 110-400 210 off 3.8-7.8 3.8-7.8 7.2-8.0 7.2-8.0 Total organic carbon(TOC) mg/L 80-290 160 AD mg/L 460-1100 29-56 Chemical oxygen demand(COD) mg/L 250-1000 500 D mg/L 7500-44,000 750-13,000 Nitrogen(total as N) mg/L 20-85 35 SS mUL 0-2 0-1 6-80 0.5-2.2 Organic mg/L 8-35 13 TSS mg/L 57-3,950 12-400 270-760 69-120 Free ammonia mg/L 12-50 22 TDS mg/L 315-1,240 214-720 480-640 360-520 Nitrites mg/L 0-0 0 EC µmho/cm 880-990 610-700 Nitrates mg/L 0-0 0 Nitrate mg/L 0.63-362 0.23-53 0.4-5.6 2.2-0.1 Phosphorus(total as P) mg/L 4-15 7 Ammonia mg/L 2.25 Organic mg/L 1-5 2 Phosphorus mg/L 0.25-2.75 1.5-7.4 0.3-3.9 Inorganic mg/L 3-10 5 Sulfate mg/L 20-144 20-57 15-23 9.9-7.1 Chlorides' mg/L 30-100 50 Sulfide mg/L 0.05-2.3 0.05 Sulfatet mg/L 20-50 30 DO mg/L 2.3-6.3 2.3-6.3 0.9-3.8 1.6-9.8 Oil and grease mg/L 50-150 90 Temperature °C 18-.23 13-19 Volatile organic compounds(VOCs) mg/L <100 to>400 100-400 Total coliform no./100 mL 106-109 107-108 'Peak season runs from September through March. Fecal Coliform no./100 mL 103-107 104-105 'Off season runs from April to August. Cryptosporidium oocysts no./100 mL 10-1-102 10-'-10' t Peak season runs from early July to late September,when fresh-harvest tomatoes are canned. Giardia lamblia cysts no./100 mL 10-'-103 10-'-102 Treatment consists of screening and brief sedimentation- 'I season runs from November to June,when canned tomatoes are remanufactured into tomato *Adapted from Tchobanoglous and Burton(1991). paste,tomato sauce,and other tomato products(e.g.,salsa,ketchup,spaghetti sauce).Treatment 'Based on a flow of 120 gal/capita d.Additional data on the number of microorganisms present typically consists of screening,aeration,and sedimentation. in septic tank effluent and untreated wastewater may be found in Table 2-21 in Chap.2. W.I.-ehn dd he inrrnaceri by#--t in AnmoMir-t.--h,-h,