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Voultry ManureHandling Page 6 of 7 u � the open sur-face area. A covered storage has no open surface area. Dry manure in a covered storage will remain in a dry state with little odour. Odour problems when spreading manure may be traced to the storage where loading is taking place, or to the field where spreading occurs. When removing and spreading wet manure, choose an appropriate day and appropriate weather. Complete the task in as short a time as possible and if possi-ble inject or immediately cover the spread manure.When removing and spreading wet or dry manure, give considera- tion to such problems as spillage of manure and the spread of feathers. To prevent the runoff or seepage of contaminated water from a storage of dry poultry manure, all runoff water must be fully contained.As well, storage pads must be protected from upslope surface water with walls or berms or be located on high ground. Storages may be roofed or have a low permeability tarp cover such as a woven polyethylene geotextile. Storages that are not covered must have a separate liquid storage tank located to receive contaminated runoff, and as well must have a concrete pad. Atypical roofed storage is shown in Figure 1.They are usually 40 feet wide, 14 feet high and long enough to hold the volume to be stored.Walls should be 4 foot high con-trete topped with studs which are partially enclosed to keep out snow and rain.A 2 foot opening should be left under the eave for ventilation. Steel or plywood siding can be used. Poultry litter will sometimes heat in storage. For this reason, do not layer or compact the manure. Limit the depth to 8 feet and avoid piling the manure against the frame walls. Do not store wet litter in a roofed storage. Small quantities of dry poultry manure can be stockpiled for short periods without a cover provided that upslope surface water is diverted and the flow path for surface water leaving the site is long and nearly level. I ! A Utilization Plan You should make a manure utilization plan for your farm. It should match crop acreages to the quantity of manure produced.As well,your plan should include application times, barn clean out times and show the periods of the year that manure must be stored outside the barns. It should show the quantities that must be stored and suggest the best locations for storages. A manure utilization plan should be made even in cases where the manure will be utilized on other farms. Poultry manure is a valuable fertilizer. You should con-sider all of the ways that you can use it to advantage in crop production on your farm. For more information on how to use poultry manure to save fertilizer dollars, refer to OMAF annual Publication 296, Field Crop Recommendations. As well,you should determine the crop acres required for the quantities of manure produced according to the Minimum Distance Separation II booklet. To do this you will need to determine the animal units of production. One animal unit of poultry production is any of the following: • 125 laying hens or breeder flock birds for one year • 1000 broiler chickens, roasters or replacement pullets marketed • 300 broiler turkeys marketed 150 heavy turkey hens marketed . 100 heavy toms marketed Maximum yearly application rates for sandy soils should be the manure production of 1.33 animal units per acre. For loam and clay soils, maximum yearly application rates should be 2 animal units per acre_As well, the land must be used to grow crops capable of utilizing the manure nutrients applied. A flock of 20,000 laying hens is 160 animal units. There should be a minimum of 120 acres of sandy soil or 80 acres of loam or clay soils available for manure utilization. http://www.gov.on.ca/omafra/engli sh/livestock/poultry/facts/93-013.htm 11/14/03