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6) if establishing a buffer zone of a minimum of 100-feet is not feasible, contact the Service for guidance to minimize impacts to migratory birds associated with the proposed project or removal of an active nest. Active nests may only be removed if you receive a permit from your local Migratory Bird Permit Office. A permit may authorize active nest removal by a qualified biologist with bird handling experience or by a permitted bird rehabilitator. Conservation Measure 3: Prepare a vegetation maintenance plan that outlines vegetation maintenance activities and schedules so that direct bird impacts do not occur. Stressor. Invasive Species introduction Conservation Goal:Prevent the introduction of invasive plants. Conservation Measure 1: Prepare a weed abatement plan that outlines the areas where weed abatement is required and the schedule and method of activities to ensure bird impacts are avoided. Conservation Measure 2: For temporary and permanent habitat restoration/enhancement, use only native and local (when possible) seed and plant stock. Conservation Measure 3: Consider creating vehicle wash stations prior to entering sensitive habitat areas to prevent accidental introduction of non-native plants. Conservation Measure 4: Remove invasive%xotic species that pose an attractive nuisance to migratory birds. Stressor. Artificial Lighting Conservation Goat: Prevent increase in lighting of native habitats during the bird breeding season. Conservation Measure 1: To the maximum extent practicable, limit construction activities to the time between dawn and dusk to avoid the illumination of adjacent habitat areas. Conservation Measure 2: If construction activity time restrictions are not possible, use down shielding or directional lighting to avoid light trespass into bird habitat (i.e., use a 'Cobra' style light rather than an omnidirectional light system to direct light down to the roadbed). To the maximum extent practicable, while allowing for public safety, low intensity energy saving lighting(e.g. low pressure sodium lamps) will be used. Conservation Measure 3: Minimize illumination of lighting on associated construction or operation structures by using motion sensors or heat sensors. Conservation Measure 5: Bright white light, such as metal halide, halogen, fluorescent, mercury vapor and incandescent lamps should not be used. Stressor., Human Disturbance Conservation Goal: Minimize prolonged human presence near nesting birds during construction and maintenance actions. 9 Page 7