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centration detectable by current NIOSH-validated sampling mg.Repeated skin co nact can cause redness.blistering,and and analytical methods The Americom Conference of Govern- dry. scaly dermatitis mental Industrial Hygienists(ACGM has designated benzene as an A2 substance(suspected human carcinogen)having an assigned threshold limit value(TLYa)of 10 ppm(30 mg/m3) RECOMMENDED MEDICAL PRACTICES as a TWA for a normal 8-hour workday and a 40-hour workweek 0 Medical surnfllanm program Workers with potential exposures to chemical hazards should Table 1.—Occupational cgx*um Umflis be monitored in a systematic program of medical survedh ce for benzene uaetded to prevent or control occupational injury and disease The program should urclude education of employers and work. Exposui a limits els about work-related hazards,placement of workers in jobs pPsn mg/m3 that do not jeopardize their safety and health, earliest posse- ' — ble detection of adverse health effects,and referral of workers OSHA PEL TWA I for dopostie confirmation and treammit The occ mnm of Short-term exposure duaase(a"sentinel health event.SHED or other work-relaxed ' limit (15 min) 5 — adverse health effects should prompt immediate evaluation of NIOSH REL (Ca)* TWA 0.1 0.32 primary premmve measures(r-g.-mdtrstnal hygiene momtor- Ceiling (15 min) 1 3.2 ung.etrgmemng coritiols,and personal prou=ve egwpment). ACGIH TWO TWA (A2)t 10 30 A medical surwAllance program as u0nded to supplement.not ' replace.such measures. '(Ca) NIOSH recommends treating as a potential human air- A mtdwal sw'vedlaime program ahovid include systematic col- cinogen t(A2) Suspected human carcinogen. l�O'a and��io1°ffic analysis of relevant mvurorrrirentil and biologic mouutor ung, medical screetung, morbulity,and mortality data.This aaalysas may PovWe Information about the relatedness of adverse health efface and occupational ex- HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION faire chat cannot be dacern cl from results in individual workers.Sensitivity.specificity,and predictivt values of bio- LRoutes of exposure logic monitoring and medical screening tests should be e%Wu- Benzene may cause adverse health effects following exposure atm on an ode basis prior to appiicsuon in any given ' via inhalation. ingestion, or dermal or eye ccm=. worker group. Intrinsic to a surveillance program is the dis- 0 Sununary of toxicoma aernination of summary data to those who need to know, ni- 1 F&Wareae+renals-ACI ael>halgtonof'cnzettebyEft RUM eluding employers, occupational health professionals, or rabbits caused narcosis. sponumeous heart contractions Potentially expo workers,and regulatory and public health (ventncular fibrillation),and death due to respiratoryparaly- oma' sis Subchronic Inhalation of benzene by rats produced ' 1Pt"elplaeetA t medical evviluation decreased white blood cell eme,detained bone marrow ce11 Prior to placing a worker in a job with a potential for exposure activity.increased red blood cell act vrty,and aataram In rata, to benzene,the physician should evaluate and docurnent the chronic inhalation or oral admitintnitim of berrune produced worker's baseline health status with thorough medical,esviron- cancers of the liver,mouth.and Zymbal gland.Inhalation of m=W.aid O=VWMW hustornes.a physical cmunatnors.and benzene by pregnant rata caused retardation of fetal develop- physiologic and laboratory tests appropriate for the armcpa- mew and increased fetal mortality. ted Occupational risks.These should concentrate on the fwrc- 2.F�ecxs on humaw. Acute inhalcion exposure of benzene non and integrity of the eyes, skin. laver, and respiratory, has caused nem inflammation(polyneuritis).=tit ml nervous .and henviopmetic(blood-cW-farming)systems.The system depress=,and aaesbae saustim .Chrome exposure pkwcun should obtain baseline values for the complete blood to benzene has produced anomm and irr msible injury to the count and a stained differential count of all blood cell types. ' bioftnrming organ:; e#Feca include aplastic anemia and b n = mmethads recomntmild rt�iended by . Sims and symptoms at=pawn NIOSH and the American'Thoracic Society (AM ' I.Shorn-term (acne). Exposure to benzetne can cause drat- A preplaoeunent medical evaluation is rxonrmerded in order Ms.euphoria,gWd=W headache,nausm suggenng gait, to detect and ascan preausting or coacurreat eondgxm which weakness.drowsiness,respiratory==on,pulmo sary ede- may be aggravated or result in increased rusk when a worker ma and prAsimoma. i'el .covuJs'ons.and is exposed to benzine at or below the NIOSH REL.The ex- paraiysis.Benzene von also cause irritation to the skin,eyes, 1111111111ft PhYncun should consider the probable frequency,in- and mucous membr=wL tensity. and duction of etposure, as well as the nature and 2.Lotig-terns(rhran e)•Exposure to b can cause fugue. degree of the condition,in placing such a marker.Such con- nervousness. irritability. blurred vision,and labored breath- dations,which should not be regarded as absolute eontraindi- 2 Benzene 1l1B8,