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I ' Hydrocarbons and iSOCTM The use of dissolved oxygen in hydrocarbon-contaminated groundwater to enhance natural attenuation of MTBE and ' BTEX has been growing as a remediation technology since the mid-1990s Most conventional technologies, however, waste most of their ' oxygen because the bubbles rise to the top of the groundwater table and escape before they have a chance to dissolve or to be utilized by naturally occurring hydrocarbon ' degrading microorganisms The result is an inadequate biodegradation response in aquifers with high ferrous iron, moderate BOD, and/or high ' concentrations of hydrocarbon constituents ISOCTM"overcomes the conventional aroblems iSOCTm Remediation Approach Create oxygen barrier at leading edge of contaminant plume to avoid boundary litigation, and to protect off-site receptors ' Source treatment reduces contamination levels with supersaturated oxygen at heart of the plume Achieve rapid, localized remediation of low-level ' contamination and trot spots in existing monitoring wells Accelerate site closure through natural attenuation as a primary remediation strategy or as a polisher . Maintain cost effective, passive enhancement of natural bioremediation for less than normal monitoring costs ' Where has iSOCTM iSOCTm Oxygen=Distribution been used? iSOCTm has been used or a roved for Mass transport laws govern oxygen dispersion and ' pp Estribution --- __--- remediation use in 21 US states including Florida, Georgia, New Jersey, Delaware, The iSOCTM supplies oxygen according to demand Connecticut, Pennsylvania, New Hampshire, Case studies show the typical radius of influence to ' Vermont, Massachusetts, West Virginia, be 10 to 20 feet from the ISOCTM well, although each Maryland, Colorado, Wyoming, Montana, site must be judged by its specific characteristics Washington, California, Arizona, Utah, New ISOCTM" case studies show that a 2-well system can ' York, Indiana, and Michigan, several use as much as 32 pounds of oxygen over a 3 month countries in Europe, Canada, and Brazil period, and that a 3-well system can use as much as 64 pounds of oxygen over a 5 month period 1 s r sY i 14c.•d..S.a uo.a a .c Type Water Column Depth m Feet Can we use other gases with Gas T Yp 5' 10' 15' 20' 60' iSOCTM? ' Oxygen 42 F 55 F_627- 69111 Yes Consultants see the need to use ' Methane 22 F 30 33 37 F59 other gases in their remediation approach, Propane 66 88 99 110 175 such as hydrogen, methane, and propane for remediation of chlorinated solvents ' HydrogenT50 iSOCTm will transfer these gases into the Ethane 57 75 85 95 groundwater as effectively as it transfers 150CTm Dissolved Gas Concentrations oxygen, as illustrated in the table to the left ' in a Water Column JSOCTm Brochure v 02 08-Page 2