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Neil O.Anderson&Associates HASP Page 6 of 21 <br /> ' March 18, 2014 <br /> • Shortness of breath <br /> • Loss of appetite, nausea, or vomiting <br /> • Increasing dizziness and weakness <br /> ' Convulsions, sudden collapse, and possible unconsciousness <br /> • Seizures <br /> Left untreated, a patient may likely die. <br /> tEmergency care of heat stroke is aimed at immediately cooling the body. Emergency care <br /> includes the following: <br /> t • Remove the patient, when possible, from the source of heat. <br /> • Call an ambulance. <br /> ' . Remove as much of the patient's clothing as possible or reasonable, pour cool water <br /> over his/her body (avoiding the nose and mouth), fan the patient briskly, and shade <br /> from the sun if he/she is still outdoors. Wrapping a wet sheet around the patient's body <br /> ' and then directing an electric fan at the patient are also good ways of cooling. Cool the <br /> patient more slowly if he/she starts to shiver since that produces heat. <br /> Elevate the patient's head and shoulders slightly during cooling, and make sure that <br /> ' he/she is comfortable. <br /> • Never give the patient stimulants or hot drinks. <br /> ' If proper precautions are taken, heat stroke is completely preventable. Exertion should be <br /> limited when temperatures and humidity are high, and activities in direct sunlight should be <br /> avoided. Adequate hydration is an absolute necessity and may be the single most important <br /> prerequisite for avoiding heat illness. Both fluids and electrolytes should be replaced after any <br /> ' activity in the heat; water itself is usually sufficient during exertion. <br /> A period of acclimatization is recommended before vigorous activity is undertaken. At least two <br /> ' weeks in a hot environment are needed to bring heat control mechanisms to maximum <br /> efficiency, and even this period may be inadequate if temperature and exertion are extreme. <br /> Heat Exhaustion <br /> Heat exhaustion, the most common heat injury, occurs in an otherwise fit person who is <br /> involved in extreme physical exertion in a hot, humid environment. This condition results from <br /> a serious disturbance of the blood flow, similar to the circulatory disturbance of shock. Heat <br /> exhaustion is, in fact, a mild state of shock brought on by the pooling of blood in the vessels <br /> ' just below the skin, causing blood to flow away from the major organs of the body. Due to <br /> prolonged and profuse sweating, the body loses large quantities of salt and water. When the <br /> water is not adequately replaced, blood circulation diminishes, affecting brain, heart, and lung <br /> functions. Heat exhaustion is sometimes, though not always, accompanied by heat cramps due <br /> ' to salt loss. <br /> There are two basic kinds of heat exhaustion. The first is salt depletion (sodium depletion), <br /> ' which occurs when un-acclimatized individuals exert themselves and drink enough water but do <br /> not replace the sodium. Second, there is water depletion, which occurs when individuals do not <br /> 1 <br /> ' 902 Industrial Way•Lodi,CA 95240-209.367.3701 •Fax 209.333.8303 02014 Neil O.Anderson&Associates,Inc. <br />