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1 Approximately 3 well volumes (approximately 50 gallons) were purged from each well with 1 a stainless-steel electrical submersible pump to allow sampling of representative formation water The pump, cables, and hoses were cleaned with a laboratory-grade detergent and water before use in each well The wells were purged until pH, temperature, and electrical conductivity of the water stabilized, as measured by portable meters calibrated to a standard buffer and conductivity standard The water level was allowed to recover to at least 80 percent of the initial water level A sample of the formation water then was collected from the surface of the water in each of the wells with the Teflon bailer and slowly transferred to laboratory-cleaned sample containers The recovered fluids from sampling in each well were directed into type 17-E, steel, 55-gallon liquid waste drums approved for this use by the Department of Transportation ample_Labeling and Handling The soil samples selected for possible laboratory analysis were removed from the sampler and quickly sealed in their brass sleeves with aluminum foil, plastic caps, and aluminized duct tape The respective sample containers were labeled in the field with the fob number, sample location, depth if applicable, and date, and promptly placed in iced storage for transport to the laboratory Chain of Custody Records were initiated in the field by the geologist and accompanied the samples to a laboratory certified by the State of California to perform the analyses requested Water samples were preserved in laboratory-cleaned, 40-milliliter glass vials that contained concentrated hydrochloric acid as a preservative The water samples were sealed with Teflon-lined lids so that no air bubbles were detected The sample containers were labeled in the field with the ,lob number, sample location and depth, and date and promptly placed in iced storage for transport to the laboratory Chain of Custody Records were initiated in the field by the geologist and accompanied the samples to a laboratory certified by the State of California for the analyses requested Samples were transported promptly to the laboratory Ground-Water Flow Direction and Gradient Tom O Morrow, Inc . licensed land surveyor of West Sacramento, California, surveyed the elevations and positions ("x" and "y" lateral coordinates) of the monitoring wellheads of the wells The horizontal distances were measured to the nearest 0 1 foot The elevations were taken to either the notch or the arrow on the well casing The ground-water elevations were evaluated by subtracting the static water level from the monitoring wellhead elevations The ground-water elevations were used to evaluate the direction of ground-water flow, to evaluate the groundwater gradient, and to construct Potentiometric Surface Maps 30008-5