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Frontier Transportation, Inc. Health and Safety Plan Page 4 5.1 CHEMICAL EXPOSURE Site workers may be exposed to the components of gasoline during field activities, including drilling, sampling and treatment operations. Potential exposure is to petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil and water. At present, the major expected site contaminants are benzene, toluene and xylene. A description of these chemicals can be found in Table 1 . The routes of exposure for fuel hydrocarbons are ingestion, inhalation, skin absorption and eye or skin contact. Measures shall be taken to eliminate personnel exposure through the use of personal protection equipment when engineering controls are not feasible. 5.2 FIRE AND EXPLOSION The risk of fire or explosion during site activities is present, though minimal. Toluene is considered flammable and is a known contaminant on-site. The lower explosive limits (LEL) for benzene, toluene and xylene are 1 .3 to 1 .4 percent, 1 .2 percent and Ll percent, respectively. The flash points are 12F, 40F and 81 F, respectively. For added security, smoking will not be allowed on the site except in designated smoking areas (to be determined). All persons near the work area will be informed of this requirement. A portable combustible gas monitor may be utilized to monitor the LEL. All work will cease if the percent LEL reaches 20 percent. 5.3 OXYGEN DEFICIENCY It is not expected that an oxygen-depleted atmosphere will be encountered during site activities . Whenever the risk of encountering an oxygen-depleted atmosphere does exist (confined space entry, for example), precautions will be taken to ensure the safety of all employees. Confined space entries are used only as a last resort, when all other means have been exhausted. BEA uses a special permit system for confined space entry, entailing additional employee training and atmospheric monitoring. 5.4 BIOLOGIC HAZARDS It is not anticipated that poisonous plants or hazardous animals or insects will be encountered during site activities. 5.5 SAFETY HAZARDS Minimal safety hazards are expected onsite. Staff will be informed to keep work area clear to prevent tripping hazards. 5.6 HEAT/COLD STRESS Wearing personal protective equipment while conducting site operations puts the individual worker at considerable risk of developing heat-related disorders, collectively called heat stress. Monitoring will be performed to avoid heat stress, using both oral temperatures and radial pulse rate for all workers engaging in heavy labor at ambient temperatures over 70F.