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N workers are evaluated below. 5.1 CHEMICAL EXPOSURE Site workers may be exposed to the components of gasoline and chlorinated solvents during field activities, including drilling, sampling and treatment operations . Potential exposure is to petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil and water. A description of those suspected contaminants can be found in Table 1 . The routes of exposure for hydrocarbons are ingestion, inhalation, skin absorption and eye or skin contact. Measures shall be taken to eliminate personnel exposure through the use of personal protection equipment when engineering controls are not feasible. Cal-OSHA and 1. 3 Fed-OSHA air monitoring action levels will be used to select the appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) to be used at the site. l `I 5.2 FIRE AND EXPLOSION - The risk of fire or explosion during site activities is present, though minimal. Toluene is j considered flammable and is a known contaminant on-site. The lower explosive limits (LEL) for benzene, toluene and xylene are 1 .3 to 1 .4 percent, 1 .2 percent and 1 . 1 percent, respectively. Their flash points are 12F, 40F and 81F, respectively. For added security, smoking will not be allowed on the site except in a designated g p grated smoking area (to be determined). "No Smoking" signs will be prominently displayed at numerous locations. A portable combustible gas monitor may be utilized to monitor the LEL. All work will cease if the percent LEL reaches 10 percent. 5.3 OXYGEN DEFICIENCY It is not expected that an oxygen-depleted atmosphere will be encountered during site - activities. Whenever there is a risk of encountering an oxygen-depleted atmosphere exist (confined ' - space entry, for example), precautions will be taken to ensure the safety of all employees. Confined space entries are used only as a last resort, when all other means have been exhausted. BEII uses a special permit system for confined space entry, entailing additional employee training and atmospheric monitoring. 5.4 BIOLOGIC HAZARDS It is not anticipated that poisonous plants or hazardous animals will be encountered during site activities. 5.5 SAFETY HAZARDS Minimal safety hazards are expected onsite. All work will be performed during daylight hours and not within any structures located on-site to minimize the need for artificial illumination. The workplace will be free of scattered tools and supplies to minimize slips, trips, and fall hazards. 5.6 HEAT RELATED DISORDERS Wearing personal protective equipment while conducting site operations puts the individual worker at considerable risk that can lead to the development of heat-related disorders that are ' collectively called heat stress . Heat emergencies fall into three categories : heat cramps, heat- exhaustion, and heatstroke (i. e. , sunstroke). Without intervention and resolution of the problem, muscle cramps caused by loss of salt from heavy sweating can lead to heat-exhaustion (caused by 4 ! : 1