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<br /> 5.2 FIRE AND EXPLOSION
<br /> The risk of fire or explosion during site activities is present, though minimal. Toluene is considered
<br /> flammable and is a known contaminant on-site. The lower explosive limits (LEL) for benzene, toluene and xylene
<br /> are 1 .3 to 1 .4 percent,. 1 .2 percent and 1 . 1 percent, respectively. Their flash points are 12F, 40F and 81F,
<br /> •� respectively.
<br /> For added security, smoking will not be allowed on the site except in a designated smoking area (to be
<br /> determined). "No Smoking" signs will be prominently displayed at numerous locations. A portable combustible gas
<br /> monitor may be utilized to monitor the LEL. All work will cease if the percent LEL reaches 10 percent.
<br /> 5.3 OXYGEN DEFICIENCY
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<br /> It is not expected that an oxygen-depleted atmosphere will be encountered during site activities. Whenever
<br /> the risk of encountering an oxygen-depleted atmosphere does exist (confined space entry, for example), precautions
<br /> will be taken to ensure the safety of all employees. Confined space entries are used only as a last resort, when all
<br /> other means have been exhausted. BEII uses a special permit system for confined space entry, entailing additional
<br /> employee training and atmospheric monitoring.
<br /> 5.4 BIOLOGIC HAZARDS
<br /> It is not anticipated that poisonous plants or hazardous animals will be encountered during site activities.
<br /> 5.5 SAFETY HAZARDS
<br /> Minimal safety hazards are expected onsite. All work will be performed during daylight hours and not
<br /> within any structures located on-site to minimize the need for artificial illumination. The workplace will be free of
<br /> scattered tools and supplies to minimize slips, trips, and fall hazards.
<br /> 5.6 HEAT RELATED DISORDERS
<br /> Wearing personal protective equipment while conducting site operations puts the individual worker at
<br /> considerable risk of developing heat-related disorders, collectively called heat stress. Heat emergencies fall into
<br /> three categories: heat cramps, heat-exhaustion, and heatstroke (i.e., sunstroke). Without intervention and resolution
<br /> of the problem, muscle cramps caused by loss of salt from heavy sweating can lead to heat-exhaustion (caused by
<br /> dehydration) which can lead to heatstroke. Early symptoms include dizziness, fatigue, muscle cramps, nausea,
<br /> profuse sweating, thirst, weakness, and lightheadedness. Later symptoms of heat-exhaustion include cool moist skin,
<br /> dilated pupils, headache, pale skin, irrational behavior, nausea, vomiting, and unconsciousness. Symptoms of
<br /> heatstroke are dry, hot, red skin, fever, dark urine, confusion, rapid slow breathing, rapid weak pulse, seizures, small
<br /> pupils, unconsciousness. On-site personnel will stay hydrated. Mandatory water breaks will betaken every 30
<br /> minutes to avoid dehydration. Monitoring will be performed to avoid heat stress, using both oral temperatures and
<br /> radial pulse rate for all workers engaging in heavy labor at ambient temperatures over 70° F.
<br /> 5.7 NOISE
<br /> Excess exposure to noise above 85 decibels (dBa) is not anticipated during work at the Frontier
<br /> Transportation property, however, hearing protection will be mandatory. In general, excess noise is "suspected"
<br /> when people standing next to each other are not audible to one another. A Hearing Conservation Program has been
<br /> established by BEII and is in effect for all site locations. The noise level will be monitored continuously with a
<br /> Quest dosimeter or equivalent. Any noise levels above 85 dBa, the action level, will require earplugs.
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