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I I ' ! r i JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS GASOLINE RANGE HYDROCARBONS The main compound of interest is petroleum range hydrocarbons. Gasoline and its constituents pose health hazards in two major classifications: Explosivity and toxicity. The extreme flammability of gasoline is commonly known. The lower explosion II `3�II limit (LEL) of gasoline vapor is 1 . 3 percent in air If the concentration of gasoline vapor in air exceeds 1 .3 percent (13,000 ,r ppm) and sufficient quantities of oxygen are present, then the I introduction of sufficient heat, spark or flame will result in an explosion. ` SA lesser known health hazard resulting from exposure to gasoline ' is toxicity. Several common constituents of gsoline have been 1I linked to various health problems . The constituents of gasoline ' IIthat have been shown to cause serious health problems resulting IfrQm relatively minor exposures include Benzene, Toluene, meta, ' para and Ortho xylenes, Ethyl benzene, and Tetraethyl lead. ITypical percentages (by weight) of these constituents in gasoline a1 ' are: Benzene - 0 .12-3 .50% , Toluene - 2 .73-21 . 80% , meta xylene - 11 ,77-3.87% , para xylene - 0 .77-1 . 58% , ortho xylene - 0 .68-3.686%, land Ethyl benzene - 0 .36-2, 86% . typical percentage of Tetraethyl i1 Ilead is not available. I i Units used to describe occupational exposures to hazardous substances include: Exposure limit, also known as "Threshold I li , Limit Value" (TLV) , Ceiling Limit, and the concentration level r that is "Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health" (IDLH) . The 'ERMS-M LIMIT defines the maximum concentration of a substance to which one can be exposed during an 8 hour period without suffering significant health effects. The CEILING LIMIT is the !' lI concentration level that cannot be exceeded at any time. A suitable respirator and/or other suitable breathing apparatus and i� llt ! body protective equipment must be worn if concentration values reach or exceed the ceiling limit. the IDLH LEVE represents a maximum concentration from which one could excape within 30 ,I rye I minutes of respirator failure without experiencing escape- j1 , impairment or irreversible health damage. The notation "Ca" rI appears in the IDLH column for all substances that NIOSH considers enc to be potential human carcinogens . r� EXPOSURE TABLE '14, SUBSTANCE TLV-TWA TLV-STEL TLV-CEILING IDLE Benzene .01 ppm N/A N/A 3000 ppm (Ca) ;rl II Toluene 100 ppm 150 ppm N/A 2000 ppm Xylene 100 ppm 150 ppm N/A 1000 ppm y, iE r