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V <br /> 05 May 1997 <br /> AGE-NC Protect No 95-0173 <br /> Page 23 of 29 <br /> characteristics in the aquifer and to assure that process volume requirements are maintained After <br />' treatment, the water is usually discharged into a storm drain or sanitary sewer A waste discharge <br /> permit is usually required for discharge <br /> 8 2 2 Treatment Methods <br />' The documented concentrations of hydrocarbons will require treatment for the extracted water Two <br /> of the most common methods of water treatment are air stripping and carbon adsorption Air <br />' stripping involves removal of volatile organic compounds from ground water by promoting the <br /> transfer of contaminants from the dissolved phase to the vapor phase Carbon adsorption utilizes <br /> granular activated carbon to simply "filter" organic compounds out of ground water <br />' A third, but less common method of above-ground treatment of water is bioremediation <br /> Contaminated ground water is "treated" by adding hydrocarbon-degrading microbes or by <br /> taugmenting natural hydrocarbon degradation activities with the introduction of nutrients <br />' 8 2 3 Feasibility Studies <br /> Aquifer testing has not been performed at the site Site-specific testing would have to be performed <br /> prior to initiation of a pump and treat method <br /> There are several disadvantages to "pump and treat" methods The most serious disadvantages <br />' include 1) extended cleanup periods, resulting in increased total costs, although the maintenance <br /> for this method is relatively cost-effective and 2) regulatory cleanup goals are rarely attainable, <br />' mostly due to persistent hydrocarbons detected during subsequent sampling events Ground water <br /> extraction is generally not a desirable method for remediation However, this technology is useful <br /> for hydraulic control to prevent spreading of the contaminant plume <br /> 8 2 4 Duration <br /> Experience has shown that all systems involving ground water extraction require much more time <br /> than would be anticipated from aquifer tests and calculations of ground water discharge rates, and <br /> 1 seldom achieve regulatory goals for ground water clean-up Systems typically operate for several <br /> years During this time, pumps and other equipment may need replacement several times A <br /> treatment period of 24 to 35 months is estimated for the site <br />' Advanced GeoEnvironmenial,Inc <br />