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<br /> E1417/E1417M - 16
<br /> contaminants to be removed and shall not be detrimental to the [30 cm] , when possible between the spray nozzle and the part.
<br /> component or its intended function. Washing shall be conducted under appropriate illumination.
<br /> 7. 1 . 1 One or more appropriate cleaning methods such as Caution shall be exercised to ensure that over-washing does not
<br /> solvent cleaning, vapor degreasing, ultrasonic cleaning, occur. If over-washing occurs, the component(s) shall be
<br /> aqueous-based cleaning, or methods agreed upon with the thoroughly dried and reprocessed. After rinsing, drain water
<br /> cognizant engineering organization shall be used for the from the component and utilize repositioning, suction , blotting
<br /> removal of oils, greases, and waxes, and as the final step before with clean absorbent materials, or filtered shop air at less than
<br /> penetrant examination. If etching is required, the parts shall be 25 psi [ 172 kPa] to prevent pooling in cavities, recesses, and
<br /> appropriately cleaned, then etched and delivered to penetrant pockets. (Warning— Over-removal of the surface penetrant
<br /> examination. shall require that the component be cleaned and reprocessed. A
<br /> 7 . 1 .2 Chemical cleaning shall be used for the removal of good indicator of over-wash or over-removal of the surface
<br /> paints, varnishes, scale, carbon, or other contaminants that are penetrant is evidenced by the total lack of residue that may
<br /> not removable by solvent cleaning methods . (Warning— occur on all or a specific area of the part, see Test Method
<br /> Caution should be exercised when using chemicals because E165 .)
<br /> they may irritate the eyes or skin.) 7 .3. 1 .2 Automated Spray—For automated spray systems,
<br /> 7. 1 .3 Mechanical cleaning shall be used for the removal of the wash parameters shall be such that the requirements of
<br /> soils and other contaminants that cannot be removed by solvent 7 . 8 . 3 are met. Water temperature shall be maintained between
<br /> or chemical cleaning methods . 50 to 100°F [ 10 to 380C] .
<br /> 7 . 1 .4 Grit blasting without etching may be an acceptable 7 ,3 . 1 .3 Manual Wipe—Excess penetrant shall be removed
<br /> cleaning method if it can be demonstrated that a sufficiently with a clean, dry, lint-free cloth or absorbent toweling. The
<br /> fine abrasive ( 150 grit or finer) will not cause peening and can remainder of the surface penetrant shall then be removed with
<br /> be removed by a detergent or alkaline cleaner. a water-dampened cloth or towel . The surface shall not be
<br /> 7 . 1 .5 Etching, unless otherwise specified, shall be per. flushed with water and the cloth or towel shall not be saturated
<br /> formed when evidence exists that previous cleaning, surface with water. The component shall be examined under appropri-
<br /> treatments, or service usage has produced a surface condition ate illumination to ensure adequate removal of the surface
<br /> that degrades the effectiveness of penetrant examination. Etch- penetrant. The surface shall be dried by blotting with a clean,
<br /> ing processes shall be developed and controlled to prevent dry towel or cloth, or by evaporation.
<br /> damage to the component under test. Etching is not required 7,3 . 1 .4 Immersion—Immersion wash may be utilized if the
<br /> for those features such as close tolerance holes, close tolerance water is air agitated and good circulation is maintained
<br /> surfaces, faying surfaces, etc. , where the function of the throughout the wash operation. NVater temperature shall be
<br /> component or assembly would be degraded. Etching is not maintained between 50 and 100°F [ 10 and 38°C] .
<br /> required for intermediate examination when the surface(s) are 7.3 . 2 Method B Process—Lipophilic post-emulsifiable pen-
<br /> not retained in the final part/component configuration or when etrant shall be removed by air agitated water immersion or with
<br /> the final penetrant examination is preceded by etching. a water spray or hydro-air spray rinse after application of an
<br /> 7 .2 Penetrant Application—Unless otherwise specified, the emulsifier and an appropriate emulsifier dwell time. Water
<br /> entire surface of the component shall be covered with pen- pressure and temperature and air pressure shall meet the
<br /> etrant. Large components may be examined in sections . Pen- requirements specified in 7 .3 . 1 . 1 , 7. 3 . 1 .2, and 7 . 3 . 1 .4.
<br /> etrant shall be applied by spraying, dipping, brushing, or other 7 ,3 .2. 1 Lipophilic emulsifiers shall be applied by immersion
<br /> method to provide coverage as required. The component, or flowing. Lipophilic emulsifiers shall not be applied by spray
<br /> penetrant, and ambient temperatures shall all be in the range or brush and shall not be agitated while on the surface of the
<br /> from 40 to 125°F [4 to 52°C] unless otherwise specified. component. Maximum dwell times , unless otherwise specified,
<br /> 7 .2. 1 Penetrant Dwell Time The dwell time, unless other- shall be 3 min for Type I systems and 30 s for Type II systems,
<br /> wise specified, shall be a minimum of 10 min . For temperatures or as recommended by the manufacturer. Actual dwell times
<br /> between 40 and 50°F [4.4 and 10°C] , dwell time shall be a shall be the minimum necessary to produce an acceptable
<br /> minimum of 20 min. It is recommended to rotate or otherwise background on the component,
<br /> move components as necessary, during dwell to prevent 7, 3 .2.2 Rinsing—After the appropriate emulsifier dwell
<br /> pooling of the penetrant. For dwell times greater than two time, emulsification shall be stopped by immersion or water
<br /> hours, the penetrant shall be reapplied as required. spray. For spray removal of the penetrant/emulsifier mixture,
<br /> 7 .3 Penetrant Removal: the parameters of 7 . 3 . 1 . 1 , 7 . 3 . 1 . 2 , and 7 .3 . 1 .4 apply. Dwell
<br /> 7 .3 . 1 Method A Process—Water-washable penetrants shall time in an agitated immersion rinse, if used, shall be the
<br /> be removed with a manual or automated water spray, or a minimum required to remove the emulsified penetrant. Exam-
<br /> manual wipe, or an air agitated immersion wash . ine the components under appropriate illumination after rins-
<br /> 7 .3 . 1 . 1 Manual Spray—For handheld spray guns water pres- ing. Clean and reprocess those components with excessive
<br /> sure adequate to remove the penetrant shall be used but shall background. After rinsing, drain water from the component and
<br /> not exceed 40 psi [275 kPa] . Water temperature shall be utilize repositioning, suction, blotting with clean absorbent
<br /> between 50 to 100°F [ 10 to 38°C] . When hydro-air nozzles are materials or filtered shop air at less than 25 psi [ 172 kPa] to
<br /> used the air pressure shall not exceed 25 psi [ 172 kPa] . A prevent pooling. Caution shall be exercised to ensure that the
<br /> coarse spray . shall be used with a minimum distance of 12 in, air nozzle is held at a sufficient distance from the part to ensure
<br /> Copyright ASTM Intematlonal glider Number: W2151709
<br /> Provided by IHS Markel under license with ASTM Sold IoAPPL1ED AEROSPACE STRUCTURES [13664510DD01] - ASMITH@AASCWORLD.COM,
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