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' centration detectable by current NIOSH-validated sampling ing. Repeated skin comet can cause redness.blistering.and and analytical methods.The American Conference of Covera- dry. scaly dermatitis. meatal Industrial Hygienists(ACGM has designated benzene 1 as an A2 substance(suspected human carcinogen)having an assigned threshold limit value(TLV*)of 10 ppm(30 mg/m=) RECOMMENDED MEDICAL PRACTICES as a TWA for a normal $-hour workday and a 40-hour workweek. • Medical surveillance program %rkers with potential exposures to chemical hazards should Table 1.--Occupatiowd cqx* m limits be mostitored in a systematic program of medical surveillance ` for benzene 1e to Pfcvtm or control occupational injury and disease. Tbe program should include education of employers and work- Exposure limits era about work-related hazards,Placement of workers in jobs Ppm taghd that do not jeopardize their safety and health,earliest possi- >sle detection of adverse health effects,and referral of workers OSHA PFL TWA ! — for du gnostic conf emanon and treatment.The occurrence of Short-term exposure disease(a"sentinel health event:*SHS or other work-related limit (15 min) 5 — adverse health effete should prompt immediate evaluation of NIOSH REL (Ca)* TWA 0.1 0.32 Pay Preventive meanies(e.g..industrial hypene monitor- Ceiling (15 min) 1 3.2 iu8•egPnOmug controls,and personal Protective equIP1110 ). ACGIH TLV• TWA (A2)t 10 30 A medical surveillance Program is intended to supplement.not * replace, such measures. (Ca):NIOSH rc=nmm&treating as a Potential human car. A medical cinogen. arrveillance priogram should itrclude systateatic cal. t(A2): Suspected human carcinogen. lection and ePidemologm analysis of relevant envu menal and biolo*monitonng,medical screening,morbidity.and morality data.This analysis may provide information about the relatedness of adverse health effects and occupational ex- HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION Posur'e that cannot be discerned from results in individual • 1Routes of s'�O�-�iti"m'•specificity,and predictive values of bio- �pore Iogic and medical screening tats should be evalu- Benzene may cause adverse health effects Ibnowive re seed on amide basis prior to application in any given via inhalation. ingestion.or dermal or eye coma. worker group. Intrinsic to a surveillanceis the ' P� des- • Summary of toaoioology semination of summary data to those who need to know, ni- Effe=on wumals:Acute inhalation ofbenzene by rats,nuM eluding employers, occupational health professionals. or rabbits caused narcosik spontaneous heart contractions Potentially exposed workers.and regulatory and public health (ventricular fibrillation),and death due to respiratory pwraly- agetrcies. Ms. Subchronic inhalation of benzene by rats produced • PMPIUCement medical eMustion decreased white blood CCU aounM decreased bone marrow cell Prior to placing a worker in a job with a potential for exposure activity,increased ted blood cell activity,and caarocm In rtes, to benzene, tate physician should evaluate and dwun m the chronic inhalation or oral administration of benzene produced worker's bowline health statue with thorough medical,environ- cancers of the liver,mouth.and Zymbal gland.Inhalation of tel,and tonal histwIM a physical examumon,and benzene by pregnant rapt CaUad reWdatm of ketal develop- Physiologic and laboratory teas appropriate for the anticipa- ment and increased feat morality ted occupational risks.These should concentrate on the fwrc- 2.Fdrets on humane:Acute inhalation exposure of benzene don and UftgntY of the eyes, akin, liver, wad respiratory, has caused nerve inflamandon(polyneurWs),central nervous Vom sed hema:oPOKW(NOW cell-fornting)rynans.The rystern depression.and cardiac ate,Chronic exposure OWsiem slraald obtain baseline values for theblood benzene ne has Produced anorexia and irnverst'ble injury to the countrencount and a stained diffetia! of all bi Cellood types. blood4brming organs; gets include apps mania and Medical surveillance for m4anory disease should be conduct- leukemia. ed by using the Pel40se and methods McOm ended by • Situs and symptoms of CqW=a MOSH and the American Thoracic Society(ATS). L Short-tenn (acme):Expmn m benzene can Cause dizzi. A preplacement�,euphoria. medical ewaluatian is e+ecanrmended in order auO>caa,dditr�I�doche.uta, gsk todetecx and assess Ping orconcuurrent oanditioes which we k rand pndaltronria, reaPWatorY irri Mon.pulmonary ade- may be aggravated or result in increased risk when a workerparalysis. Bazene can also came aeration'� ln. and a exposed to benzene at or below the MOSH REL. The ex- and much nxmbrana. irrinstioa m the ricin.eyes, p below should wider the probable fiquenqy,m- 2•lartg_rurn(dreamt):Exposure to h=me an Cam ' and dumtl n Of cPmum as well = the nature and nenear.irritability.blurred vision.and labored breath- �of dzvon' such a worker.Such ton- "Onk which should not be regarded as absolute cont iundi- 2 Benzene