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PPM for 8 hours,symptoms were more pronounced,and ands institute(ANSI)states that "the odor of toluene is after-effects included nervousness. muscular fatiguc detectable by most people at concentrations in the range and insomnia persisting for several days. Severe but of 10 to 15 ppm. The odor has little value as a warning reversible liver and kidney injury occurred in a person property." who was a glue-sniffer for 3 years; the chief component Patty points out that olfactory fatigue occurs rapidly `y of the inhaled solvent was toluene (SWo V/V); other upon exposure to toluene. ingredients were not listed. In workers exposed for 2. Eye Irritation Level:Grant states that "the vapors many years to concentrations in the range of 80 to 300 of toluene cause noticeable sensation of irritation to ppm, there was no clinical or laboratory evidence of human eyes at 300 to 400 ppm in air, but even at 800 altered liver function.Toluene exposure does not result ppm irritation is slight.~ in the hematopoietic effects caused by benzene; the ANSI reports that "irritation of eyes„ mucous mem- myelotoxic effects previously attributed to toluene are branm and upper respiratory tract may occur while judged by more recent investigations to be the result of workers are exposed to low concentrations of toluene. concurrent exposure to benzene present as a contami- There is a considerable range of variation (100 to 500 nant in the commercial toluene used Most of the PPm)between individuals, some finding any concentra- toluene absorbed from inhalation is metabolized to tion of toluene objectionable. Commercial grades of benzoic acid, conjugated with glycine m the liver to toluene vary in irritant properties." form hippuric acid, and excreted in the urine; the 3. Evaluation, of Warning properties: Because of its average amount of hippuric acid excreted in the urine irritant effeM toluene is judged to have good warning by individuals not exposed to toluene is approximately prnpertim 0.7 to 1.0 g/1 of urine.The liquid splashed is the eyes of' MONITORING AND MEASUREMENT two workers caused transient corneal damage and con- junctival irritation; complete recovery occurred within PROCEDURES 48 hours. Repeated or prolonged akin contact with liquid toluene has a defatting action, causing drying, ` > H01� Enloatiem fissuring,and dermatitis Measnnments to determine employee exposure are best takes so that the average eight-hour exposure is based CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES on a single eight-hour sample or on two four-hour samples. Several short-time interval samples (up to 30 • Physical data minutes) may also be used to determine the average I. Molecular weight:92.1 exposure leveL Air samples should be taken m the 2- Boiling point(760 mm Hg): 111 C(23I IF) employee's breathing zone (air that would most nearly 3. Speck gravity(water= 1):086 represent that inhaled by the employee). 4. Vapor density(air a 1 at boiling point of toluene): • Caillbg Evaluation 3.14 Measurements to determine employee ceiling g exposure 5. Melting point: —95 C(-139 F) are best taken during periods of maximum expected 6. Vapor pressure at 20 C(68 F):22 mm Hg airborne concentrations of toluene. Each measurement 7. Solubility in water, g/100 g water at 20 C(68 F): should consist of a ten (10) minute sample or series of 0.05 consecutive samples totalling ten (10) minutes in the • S. Evaporation rate(butyl acetate — I):2.24 employee's breathing zone(air that would most nearly Reactivity represent that inhaled by the employee).A minimum of 1. Conditions contributing to instability: Containers three (3) remen should be taken on-one work may burst at elevated . shift and the highest of all measurements taken is an 2. Incompatibilities: Contact with strong oxidizers estimate of the employee's exposum may cause fires and explosions. • Peale Above C ring Evalostlon 3. Hazardous decomposition products: Toxic gases Measurements to determine employee peak exposure and vapors(such as carbon dioxide and carbort monox- should be taken daring periods of maximum expected ide)may be released in a fire involving toluene, airborne ooncxntration of tolueme. Each measttre:ment 4. Special precautiiom Toluene will attack some should consist of a 10-minute sample or a series of forms of plastics,rubber,and coatings. can:ecntive samples totalling 10 minutes is the employ- ` Flamnabety, ex's breathing zone (air that would most nearly repre- I. Flash point:4 C(40 F)(closed cap) sent that inhaled by the employe).A minimum of three 2. Autoignition tempersture 480 C(696 F) measturments should be taken on one work shift and 3. Flammable limits in air, % by volume: LowerLowerthe highest of all mwurememts taken is as estimate of 1.27; Upper.7.1 the employees exposure. 4. Extinguishant: Carbon dioxide, dry chemical, • Method foam Sampling and analyses may be performed by collection ` Warning�Oa of vapors using an adsorption tube with a subsequent ,w !. Odor Threshold: The American National Stand- desorption of toluene with carbon disulfide and gas 2 Toluene sapban�r 1m