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• General Parameters which were monitored throuahout both studies Following is a list of tests that were run during each study accompanied by a brief description of the parameter and why it was tracked (bioprocess monitoring) pH - The pH of groundwater has an effect on the presence and activity of microbial populations Microbes capable of degrading petroleum hydrocarbon compounds generally prefer pH values varying between 6 to 8 Decreasing pH values correlated with other variables (e g ReDox, ammonia, production etc) could provide early indicators of the typically undesirable development of anaerobic microbial activity Nutrient Trach Nutrient tracking is site specific, however the commonly excepted carbon nitrogen phosphorus Potassium (C N P P) ratio considered acceptable by bioremedial practitioners for a given site where biodegradation is occurring is 100 10 1 1 (for every 100 ppm of carbon 10 ppm of nitrate and 1 ppm of phosphorous and 1 potassium) However it is important to note that even though ratios may be adequate, based on the aforementioned formula, the concentrations must be high enough to make therm biologically available and in forms consumable by site-specific organisms Disregarding the effects of physical site conditions, the depletion of nutrients can often be correlated • with utilization as a result of microbial growth, and biodegradative activity Nitrate 0NO) - it is essential that microorganisms have a source of nitrogen for synthesis and assimilation of amino acids into proteins The NO3 form of nitrogen most often can advantageously provide microbes with both a nitrogen and oxygen source Nitrate is measured in ppm using a Hach DR 2000 Ammonium (NO44 - can be used as source of nitrogen as well as an indicator of anaerobic activity The production of elevated ammonium levels throughout a project can often suggest the development of anaerobic pathways of biodegradation Ammonium is measured in ppm using a Hach DR 2000 Ortho-Phosphate-(POA)-�- is especially important for the synthesis of nucleic acids within the cell, as well as being used for other cellular components and functions Ortho- Phosphate is measured in ppm using a Hach DR 2000 Potassium - required component and cofactor for many of the microbes cellular functions such as metabolism and energy conversions Potassium is measured in ppm using a Hach DR 2000 1VI"icrobial Evaluations Heterotrophic (General) Enumerations - Represents the total population of microorganisms in either 1 gram soil or 1 ml of water These organisms can generally be supported by multiple carbon sources, and are not necessarily capable of degrading the contaminant, which needs to be remediated