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• <br /> CrNBENC <br />' 4.0 C IUMCALS OF CONCERN <br />' 4.1 Chem cal Ihards <br /> Potential effects of any exposure are dependent on several factors such as toxicity of <br />' substance, tame-frame of exposure, concentration of substance producing the exposure, general <br /> health of person exposed, and individual use of hazardous reduction methods <br /> 411 Gasoline <br /> tGasoline is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons and additives Chronic exposures or <br /> exposures to a high concentration of gasoline vapor may cause unconsciousness, coma, and <br />' possibly death from respiratory failure Exposure to low concentrations of gasoline vapor <br /> may produce flushing of the face, slurred speech, and mental confusion <br /> Gasoline constituents can be divided into five mayor groups alkanes, alkenes, <br /> cycloalkenes, aromatics, and additives The aromatics are the constituents generally regarded <br /> to be of the greatest toxic concern The mayor aromatics in gasoline are benzene, toluene, <br /> and xylenes Of these, benzene is considered to be the most potent All of these chemicals <br />' can also irritate the skin if repeated or prolonged skin exposure occurs <br />' 412 Benzene <br /> Benzene can enter the body through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact Studies <br />' have noted that chronic exposure to benzene vapor can produce neurotoxic and hemopoietic <br /> (blood system) effects Other effects can include headache, dizziness, nausea, convulsions, <br /> coma, and possible death if exposure is not reversed The most significant chronic effect of <br /> benzene is bone-marrow toxicity Although the cause-effect relationship is not fully <br /> understood, it is believed that there might be a strong association between chronic exposures <br /> to benzene and the development of leukemia <br /> 9 <br />