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27 December 1996 AGE-NC Project No 95-0143 ' Page 16 of 19 $500,000 00 and $1,000,000 00 ' 63 IN-SITU BIOREMEDIATIONBIOENHANCEMENT 6 3 1 BASIC PRINCIPLES ' Bioremediation involves the introduction of hydrocarbon-degrading microbes or supplemental nutrients to enhance naturally-occurring bacteria, through wells into the ground water The microbes idegrade hydrocarbons and spread laterally (and vertically) by migration and reproduction Hydrocarbon-degrading microbes are able to metabolize hydrocarbons and assimilate the resulting iorganic chemicals into biomass for reproduction and growth Typically, the light-end hydrocarbons are degraded first, followed by heavier compounds i 6 3 2 NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS AND TOXICITY The microbes require certain essential nutrients that are usually available in ground water If supplemental nutrients are required, such as nitrogen and phosphorus as ammonium phosphate in i liquid phase, the quantity is usually very low However, a Waste Discharge Permit is required by the CVRWQCB for the infection of nutrients into ground water Typically,the microbes utilized in bioremediation are aerobic and usually require additional oxygen to supplement dissolved oxygen concentrations in ground water Generally, several air spargzng or in-well aeration sources are sufficient to provide the necessary oxygen However, in some cases the addition of hydrogen peroxide is necessary 6 3 3 MONITORING ACTIVITIES After inoculation, the inoculation wells and ground water monitoring wells should be monitored for several months by periodic field measurements of organic vapors, carbon dioxide, and oxygen Ground water samples should be collected and analyzed for petroleum hydrocarbons, bacterial I populations and nutrient availability If monitoring indicates areas of slow remediation, additional inoculations may be required I