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Chemwatch:4650-8 Page 8 of 14 Issue Date:11/12/2018 Version No:6.1.1.1 API Pond Ammonia Test Solution#2 Print Date:06/21/2019 cyanosis and dizziness.Findings may include hypotension,a weak and rapid pulse and moist rales. Ingestion of alkaline corrosives may produce immediate pain,and circumoral burns.Mucous membrane corrosive damage is characterised by a white appearance and soapy feel;this may then become brown,oedematous and ulcerated.Profuse salivation with an inability to swallow or speak may also result.Even where there is limited or no evidence of chemical burns,both the oesophagus and stomach may experience a burning pain;vomiting and diarrhoea may follow.The vomitus may be thick and may be slimy(mucous)and may eventually contain blood and shreds of mucosa.Epiglottal oedema may result in respiratory distress and asphyxia.Marked hypotension is symptomatic of shock;a weak and rapid pulse, Ingestion shallow respiration and clammy skin may also be evident.Circulatory collapse may occur and,if uncorrected,may produce renal failure.Severe exposures may result in oesophageal or gastric perforation accompanied by mediastinitis, substernal pain,peritonitis,abdominal rigidity and fever.Although oesophageal,gastric or pyloric stricture may be evident initially,these may occur after weeks or even months and years.Death may be quick and results from asphyxia, circulatory collapse or aspiration of even minute amounts.Death may also be delayed as a result of perforation, pneumonia or the effects of stricture formation. The material can produce severe chemical burns following direct contact with the skin. Skin contact with alkaline corrosives may produce severe pain and burns;brownish stains may develop.The corroded area may be soft,gelatinous and necrotic;tissue destruction may be deep. Skin Contact Entry into the blood-stream through,for example,cuts,abrasions,puncture wounds or lesions,may produce systemic injury with harmful effects.Examine the skin prior to the use of the material and ensure that any external damage is suitably protected. When applied to the eye(s)of animals,the material produces severe ocular lesions which are present twenty-four hours or more after instillation. Direct contact with alkaline corrosives may produce pain and burns.Oedema,destruction of the epithelium,corneal Eye opacification and iritis may occur.In less severe cases these symptoms tend to resolve.In severe injuries the full extent of the damage may not be immediately apparent with late complications comprising a persistent oedema,vascularisation and corneal scarring,permanent opacity,staphyloma,cataract,symblepharon and loss of sight. Repeated or prolonged exposure to corrosives may result in the erosion of teeth,inflammatory and ulcerative changes in the mouth and necrosis(rarely)of the jaw.Bronchial irritation,with cough,and frequent attacks of bronchial pneumonia Chronic may ensue.Gastrointestinal disturbances may also occur.Chronic exposures may result in dermatitis and/or conjunctivitis. Limited evidence suggests that repeated or long-term occupational exposure may produce cumulative health effects involving organs or biochemical systems. API Pond Ammonia Test TOXICITY IRRITATION Solution#2 Not Available Not Available TOXICITY IRRITATION Dermal(rabbit)LD50:1350 mg/kgl�1 Eye(rabbit):0.05 mg/24h SEVERE Eye(rabbit):1 mg/24h SEVERE sodium hydroxide Eye(rabbit):1 mg/30s rinsed-SEVERE Eye:adverse effect observed(irritating)['] Skin(rabbit):500 mg/24h SEVERE i Skin:adverse effect observed(corrosive)['] TOXICITY IRRITATION - SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE Oral(rat)LD50:>5000 mg/kg[21 Eye(rabbit): 10 mg-moderate SOL. Eye(rabbit):100 mg-moderate Skin(rabbit):500 mg/24h-moderate Legend: 1.Value obtained from Europe ECHA Registered Substances-Acute toxicity 2.*Value obtained from manufacturer's SDS. Unless otherwise specified data extracted from RTECS-Register of Toxic Effect of chemical Substances The material may produce severe irritation to the eye causing pronounced inflammation.Repeated or prolonged exposure to irritants may produce conjunctivitis. The material may produce severe skin irritation after prolonged or repeated exposure,and may produce a contact SODIUM HYDROXIDE dermatitis(nonallergic).This form of dermatitis is often characterised by skin redness(erythema)thickening of the epidermis. Histologically there may be intercellular oedema of the spongy layer(spongiosis)and intracellular oedema of the epidermis.Prolonged contact is unlikely,given the severity of response,but repeated exposures may produce severe ulceration. SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE Hypochlorite salts are classified by IARC as Group 3:NOT classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. SOL. Evidence of carcinogenicity may be inadequate or limited in animal testing. Continued...