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: -, . 1, 0 0 <br />threatening chemicals and physical hazards frequently overshadow any potential exposure to <br />biological hazards. However, specific biological hazards can cause injury and even death. <br />Therefore, when appropriate, such hazards will be identified and evaluated in conjunction with <br />all other actual or potential hazards associated with an operation and steps taken to control <br />exposure. <br />4.5.2.8 Chemical <br />Chemical compounds have specific properties that determine the type and degree of <br />hazard they represent. Evaluating their potential hazard depends on understanding their <br />properties and their relationship to the environment. Prior to the use of any chemical onsite, the <br />chemical's Material Safety Data Sheet will be reviewed to insure safe handling, storage and use. <br />4.5.2.9 Inhalation <br />The most common route of toxic material entry is the respiratory tract. The respiratory <br />tract is divided into three regions. The upper airway (extends from nose to larynx), lower airway <br />(trachea, bronchi and bronchial that serve as a conducting airway between the nasopharyngea <br />region and aveoli), and aveoli (basic functional unit in the lung and the primary location of gas <br />exchange). Therefore, when controlling occupational hazards, the primary objective is to <br />prevent atmosphere contamination. This should be accomplished through the use of engineering <br />controls whenever feasible. When effective engineering controls are not feasible, or while they <br />are being instituted, appropriate respirators should be used. Because of the unknown toxicity of <br />the COCs that workers may be exposed to and the potential for soil contamination, it will be <br />imperative that personnel utilize respiratory protection to minimize airborne hazards whenever <br />identified by this document or directed by the Site Safety and Health Officer. <br />16 <br />