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9 SECTION 6 ♦ Installation of installation and can also help prevent breaking of the smaller gap or no gap. Misalignment is easier to detect lines or fittings where settling might cause excessive if one sights down the line and views the joint from a movement. However, due to the inherently flexible char- distance. acteristics of fiberglass pipe from Smith Fiberglass Products, flexible connectors may not be required when NOTE: When using heat assist,the pipe may bend if it connecting to tanks. API publication 1615 states, "FRP is under stress while curing. In this case, it is extreme- piping,which is inherently flexible, can be used to create ly difficult to determine if the pipe is bent because of its own flexible joint if at least 4 feet(1.2 m)of straight heating or if it is a cocked joint. Avoid making up pipe run is provided between any directional changes of more and fitting joints when pipe is under stress. than 30 degrees. 3. Improperly cured joint-If the adhesive bead is soft or This statement can be misleading. The flexibility of FRP flexible, the adhesive is not sufficiently cured. If the piping discussed in API 1615 is related to the bending bead is cured, it is hard and brittle when checked with properties. The straight run of pipe must be located in an a knife. When the bead is not hard after exposure to area that will allow the pipe to bend over a 4-ft. length. the recommended temperature and time cycle,the ad- The bending of this"4 feet of straight run"will help pre- hesive was not mixed properly. In some cases,the sur- vent shear loads in the pipeline and not exceed the allow- face layer of the bead will be white and may actually able bending stresses if the movement is small(less than be tacky and soft on the surface. This is caused by wa- 1"). The movement must be perpendicular to the"straight ter absorption on the surface of the adhesive bead. run"so that the bending is similar to the bending of a div- Use a knife to remove a section of the adhesive bead ing board (a cantilever beam). These conditions can exist and check the bottom side for the color change (i.e. above tanks where the backfill and/or pipe above the tank white color). If the entire bead is white and tacky will settle or rise with slight movement of the tank. If throughout, then the adhesive was contaminated with there is a chance that the pipe will not be free to bend, a water before it was applied to the joint. This will also commercial flexible hose connector is recommended (see produce an improperly cured joint. Caution: The ad- Fig. 1.6.26). hesive bead will cure faster than the adhesive in the joint. It is important that the joint not be pressurized Note: The use of swing joints is not recommended. until it has been subjected to the proper time-tempera- ture cure cycle. A temperature vs. time-to-pressure chart is included in the instructions packed with each adhesive kit. Greater than 30° Although not all-inclusive, the conditions mentioned above are the most common indications of failure to achieve a properly assembled joint. All damaged or improperly assembled joints must be re- placed See Section 8 4 Ft.Minimum ENDATIONS FIGURE 1.6.26 LLY 1.6.8 Inspecting for Potential Causes of joint Failure �� Precautions 1. Joint backout-When assembling a bell and spigot jTH FIBERGLASS PRODUCTS SHALL NOT BE LIABLE joint, a bead of adhesive is normally formed at the UNDER ANY WARRANTY, CONTRACT, OR IN TORT, FOR edge of the bell. If the joint is not locked up, and ANY RESULTING INJURY TO PERSONNEL OR DAMAGE backs out before the adhesive cures, the bead will no TO EQUIPMENT, PIPE, OR OTHER PERSONAL PROPERTY longer be next to the edge of the bell. NOTE: To form FOR FAILURE TO FOLLOW THE PROCEDURES AND a good adhesive bead, it is best to apply an excess of COMPLY WITH THE PRECAUTIONS SET FORTH. adhesive at the edge of the unmachined surface of the spigot. Excess adhesive in this area forms a good bead As in any system where pressure is employed, ade- at the edge of the bell,but will not hinder joint make- ! quate safety precautions should be exercised. EXER- up. CISE DUE CARE IN INSTALLING AND TESTING THE PIPING SYSTEM. 2. Cocked joint-If a joint is cocked or misaligned, there will usually be a large gap between the bell and spigot DO NOT ASSUME THE RISK OF INJURY OR PROPERTY on one side. The opposite side will usually have a DAMAGE. RED THREAD IIA Pipe & Fittings — 17