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11 1. Typically, all piping should slope at least V (3 mm) per foot toward the tank. Support pipe properly to prevent traps or sumps. The piping should be separated by a distance of at least four to six inches (100 mm -150 mm). See Fig. 1.6.3. For double-wall secondary containment piping installations, refer to Part Two, Section 3, Fig. 2.3.1 for proper dis- tances. 3. Compact backfill carefully over and around the piping system (see Fig. 1.6.1). When using tamping equip- ment, take care to prevent vibration from driving small stones into the pipe wall. I Table 1.6.1 L1i� &_ 100Rd, mm _. ' 1ii.l Table 1.6.1 L1 i Lj, :�F - - �� 6"(min.) 150 mm The pipe must be completely surrounded with select backfill 611 (sand or 1/8" to 3/4" pea gravel). 150 mm FIGURE 1.6.3 The amount of compaction and the I type of soil determines the soil modu- lus. For example, pea gravel has a typical modulus of 1,000 psi with no compaction, while sand requires slight compaction (85% Proctor density) to achieve a modulus of 1,000 psi. Refer to ASTM D3839 or AWWA C950 for further details. backfill materials should never be used. In all cases, there must never be voids (areas that do not contain backfill) un- der or around the pipe. Six inches (150 mm) of the fill must be placed under the pipe as bedding material (see Fig. 1.6.3). 1.6.3 Adhesive Bonding 4. Cover the pipe as soon as possible after successful test- ing to eliminate the chance of damage to the pipe, float- Several basic adhesive systems are available from Smith ing of the pipe due to flooding, or shifting of the line Fiberglass Products. They differ in operating characteris- due to cave-ins. If damage is suspected, the lines should tics and working time (pot life). See Fig. 1.6.4. be retested. Backfill must be tamped into shaded areas. FIGURE 1.6.1 S. Frozen earth will eventually thaw, leaving the pipe with insufficient support and voids around the pipe. Take care to remove frozen lumps from all backfill materials before backfilling (see Fig. 1.6.2). Remember, in all cases, the pipe must be completely sur- rounded with select backfill (sand or V to X" pea gravel). Spacers used during installation must be removed before back filling. Native RED THREAD IIA Pipe & Fittings Table 1.6.2 lists the adhesive kits, their recommended us- age, and the approximate number of bonds per kit. The working life of each kit is based on an ambient tempera- ture of 75°F (24°C). 1. Cleaning the bonding surfaces a. Smith Fiberglass Products has determined that cleaning the bonding surface is required only when the bonding surfaces, on either pipe or fittings, have been contaminated with grease, oil, dirt, fin- gerprints, etc. Freshly tapered spigots or factory - fresh spigots and bells do not require solvent clean- ing unless visibly contaminated. DO NOT TOUCH THE BONDING SURFACES OR ALLOW THEM TO BECOME CONTAMINATED. Acceptable cleaning methods are as follows: • Sand all bonding surfaces until contaminated area is removed. However, the sanding operation must be light enough to prevent changing the taper angle. • Cut off contaminated surface and replace with a new taper or sleeve coupling. 9