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6.0 Impact Considerations Version :27.10.4 Spill in Nearshore Urban Areas Oil spills in urban areas can greatly impact recreational use, human health, wildlife habitat(s), and potential beach or park closures. Manmade structures along waterways require unique protection strategies. Manmade structures could include vertical shore protection structures such as seawalls, piers, and bulkheads, as well as riprap revetments and groins, breakwaters, and jetties. Vertical structures can be constructed of concrete, wood, and corrugated metal. They usually extend below the water surface, although seawalls can have beaches or riprap in front of them. These structures are very common along developed shores, particularly in harbors, marinas, and residential areas. The range in degree of exposure to waves and currents varies widely, from very low in dead- end canals, to very high on offshore breakwaters. Boat wakes can generate wave energy in otherwise sheltered areas. Maintaining shipping or other kinds of vessel traffic through navigation channels or waterways during a spill response is a difficult consideration because there is usually economic and political pressure to re-establish normal operations as soon as possible. For these reasons, recovery efforts must be coordinated through the Unified Command to ensure the cooperation of all parties involved. Confinement Methods In harbor areas, oil can often be contained by a vessel of opportunity or a dedicated Oil Spill Response Vessel (OSRV) using containment booms and skimmers. Optimum conditions for recovery operations would be with currents of 3 knots or less. The facility could also deploy boom from shore to contain and concentrate product in the vicinity of the release point until the product can be removed. Shell Supply and Distribution 6-31 Stockton Terminal FRP ©2019 Witt O' Brien's Revision Date:October, 2019