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6.0 Impact Considerations Version :27.10.4 <br /> Gravel Beaches <br /> • Description <br /> . Gravel beaches can be very steep, with multiple wave-built berms forming the <br /> upperbeach. <br /> . The degree of exposure to wave energy can be highly variable among gravel <br /> beaches. <br /> • Density of animals and plants in the upper intertidal zone is low on exposed <br /> beaches, but can be high on sheltered gravel beaches and on the lower intertidal <br /> zone of all beaches. <br /> • Predicted Oil Behavior <br /> . Stranded oil is likely to penetrate deeply into gravel beaches because of their <br /> high permeability. <br /> • Long-term persistence will be controlled by the depth of routine reworking by the <br /> waves. <br /> . Along sheltered portions of the shorelines, chronic sheening and the formation of <br /> asphalt pavements is likely where accumulations are heavy. <br /> Response Considerations <br /> • Heavy accumulations of pooled oil should be removed quickly from the upper <br /> beach. <br /> . All oiled debris should be removed. <br /> . Sediment removal should be limited as much as possible. <br /> • Low- to high-pressure flushing can be effective if all released oil is recovered <br /> with skimmers or sorbents. <br /> • Mechanical reworking of oiled sediments from the high-tide line to the lower <br /> beachface can be effective in areas regularly exposed to wave activity; the <br /> presence of multiple storm berms is evidence of wave activity. <br /> • In-place tilling may be used to reach deeply buried oil layers along the mid-tide <br /> zone on exposed beaches. <br /> Shell Supply and Distribution 6-42 Stockton Terminal FRP <br /> ©2019 Witt O' Brien's Revision Date:October, 2019 <br />