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6.0 Impact Considerations Version :27.10.4 <br /> Spills in Inland Environment <br /> Wetland Habitats <br /> • Description <br /> . Wetlands are characterized by water, unique soils that differ from adjacent <br /> upland areas, and vegetation adapted to wet conditions. <br /> . Wetlands include a range of habitats such as marshes, bogs, and bottomland. <br /> . Substrate, vegetation, hydrology, seasonality, and biological use of inland <br /> wetlands are highly variable, making characterization difficult. <br /> . The surfaces of wetlands usually have a low gradient and vegetated areas are <br /> typically at or under the water level. <br /> . There can be distinct channels or drainages with flowing water, except at the <br /> exposed outer fringe; however, natural physical processes are minimal. <br /> . Water levels may vary seasonally, and the wetland may be simply a zone of <br /> water-saturated soils during the dry season. <br /> • Predicted Oil Behavior <br /> . The threat of or direct oiling of endangered/threatened species using the wetland <br /> often drives efforts to remove the oil. <br /> • If oil and/or cleanup efforts causes a loss of the more sensitive plants or <br /> modifies the ecosystem structure, then feeding and breeding of dependent <br /> wildlife may be affected. <br /> • Response Considerations <br /> . Natural recovery may be appropriate where destruction of sensitive habitats may <br /> have greater impact on endangered/threatened species. <br /> . Sorbents are useful but care must be taken during placement and recovery to <br /> minimize disturbance of substrate and vegetation. <br /> . Vacuum removal is most effective where access is good and substrate can <br /> support vehicles and oil is pooled; however, in soft substrate, it will probably <br /> cause extensive physical disruption. <br /> Shell Supply and Distribution 6-49 Stockton Terminal FRP <br /> ©2019 Witt O' Brien's Revision Date:October, 2019 <br />