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CHEMICAL HAZARDS <br /> A number of chemical hazards of concern that may be present in !he soil and potential <br /> landfill gas at the site are discussed below. The information that f)Ilows provides a <br /> discussion of the hazard concerns that may be present at the site. This SSHP includes <br /> the OSHA permissible exposure limits (PELs), which are the regulatory exposure limits <br /> for workplace safety. The PELs are time-weighted average (TWA) exposure <br /> concentrations. When applicable, the short-term exposure limits (STELs), and <br /> concentrations in the air that would be immediately dangerous to life or health (I DLH), <br /> are also provided. STELs are TWA 15-minute exposure concentrations that should not <br /> be exceeded at any time during a workday, even if the 8-hour exposure limit is not <br /> exceeded. <br /> A. Landfill Gas Constituents <br /> Landfill gas is generated as a result of the waste breakdown at a landfill. Typically, <br /> landfill gas constituents contain, by volume: <br /> LANDFILL GAS CONSTITUENT <br /> 38-58%methane gas <br /> 0.2-1%oxygen <br /> 2-10%nitrogen <br /> 30-48%carbon dioxide <br /> 0-1%hydrogen <br /> <1%non-methane organic carbons(NMOC) <br /> NMOC constituents: benzene, ethyl <br /> benzene, toluene,vinyl chloride, <br /> dichloromethane,trichloroethylene, 1,2,- <br /> cis-dichloroethyiene, tetrachloroethylene <br /> Methane is the major component of gas generated during biodegradation of solid waste <br /> buried in landfills. It is an odorless and colorless gas. It does not chemically react with <br /> the body, but may cause asphyxiation by displacing the oxygen it the air. The primary <br /> concern is its flammability. Because of its classification as SiMPIE asphyxiant, methane <br /> has no established exposure limits. However, a threshold concentration or TWA of 1000 <br /> ppm is commonly assumed. <br /> Waste decomposition is known to produce various landfill gas constituents. Staff should <br /> use precaution when working in landfill areas. Personal protective equipment combined <br /> with the requirement to wash arms, face, and hands before eating, drinking, smoking <br /> and prior to leaving the Site, will help prevent exposure through absorption and <br /> ingestion pathways. <br /> The following summary, Table 2—Landfill Gas, provides exposure information for <br /> landfill gas. <br /> 4 CIWMB Landfill Gas Characterization Study <br /> Lodi City Landfill 12 January 2012 <br /> Site Safety and Health Plan <br />