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management facilities. Storage tanks and transfer lines use vapor <br /> recovery and vacuum transfer. If equipment is properly operated, no <br /> odors, fires, or explosions are anticipated. Steam plumes from the <br /> operations would be visible, however. <br /> 11.3.3 Treatment FaciLjjj.0 <br /> Treatment in the most general sense typically involves <br /> • Destruction or detoxification to transform a hazardous <br /> waste into a waste suitable for disposal . <br /> Concentration or volume reduction to enable the safe <br /> handling and disposal of hazardous constituents. <br /> • Immobilization (solidification/stabilization) to isolate <br /> hazardous components from the environment. <br /> In this section, discussion will be limited to facilities that treat <br /> aqueous wastes by some form of chemical treatment. Based on Ta- <br /> ble 8-1, approximately 28 percent of the wastes generated in the year <br /> 2000 would be treatable by some form of aqueous treatment. Wastes <br /> that are typically amenable to chemical treatment include <br /> • acid solutions from electroplating and metal finishing <br /> • heavy metal -bearing wastes from industrial processes like <br /> auto production <br /> • cyanides used in steel production <br /> • alkaline solutions from industrial processes <br /> • silver wastes from photoprocessors <br /> Chemical treatment is a way of detoxifying liquid hazardous wastes by <br /> using a variety of chemical reactions, including oxidation-reduction, <br /> neutralization, fixation, precipitation, and ion exchange. These <br /> processes are most often used for hazardous wastes that have ignitable <br /> and corrosive properties. <br /> PJ9 9390502D.00D 11-14 Rev. 1 11/08/88 <br />