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ME 9 <br /> - ON <br /> d <br /> r• <br /> Based on these con3idererti4113,and the OSHA standard for benzene,0-3%benzene <br /> by volume of gasoline), a recommended action level for the use of air purifying <br /> veiurje OVA <br /> respiratory determn ed aue atififteen m u!e period(3°n be <br /> ne x 25 pprn 0.75 rppm TLVng Of 25 ). as <br /> 22 PHYS11CCALRAZARDS <br /> 221 RAMYW%M1EXft0gM <br /> Leaded gasoline possesses two intrinsic hazardous properties, namely, flammability <br /> and toxicity. The flammable properly of fuel n)ay present a greater hazard to field <br /> personnel than toxicity.When confined,the vapors of fuel can be explosive. <br /> The explosive limits(LEL)of gasoline range from 1.3 percent(LEL)to 6.0 percent(UEL). <br /> The flash point is-50 greenmote-tial acan beim de 10 ignite. <br /> The flash point is the minimum <br /> temperature at which a <br /> Leaded gasoline will not bum in the liquid <br /> arra;only <br /> he vapour,will b sufficieum andnt oxygen <br /> en if the <br /> voporconcentration is within the upper <br /> mustbe present,as well as an ignition source. If these conditions occur in a confined <br /> area,an explosion may result. <br /> ating any one of the <br /> The probability of fire and explosion can be minimized ben Ianid an IgnitionSource. <br /> three factors needed to produce combustion;Fuel,Oxyg <br /> lgn lion sources can be controlled by prohibiting open fires,welding and smoking on <br /> site,installing spark arrestors on engines,and tuininq the engines off when LELs are <br /> approached. Non-sparking tools will be used wheneverpossible. <br /> In fuel tanks,oxygen concentrnxtions in the head space can be reduced by introducing <br /> dry ice(solid carbon dioxide)or nitrogen gas into the tank;the carbon dioxide teas will <br /> displace rle combustible vapors and air. <br /> 222 HAZAPMS ASSOMTED Wf[kt"EAVY IEQI <br /> Wff Prior to beginning work, the area will be cleared for undergn�und utility I'Yaces wcrsn s <br /> appropriate service. The work area will be clearly delineated using <br /> rand/or banner tape. All unauthorized personnel{miff be excluded from the wcrkarrea. <br /> 2.23 VVMDM,a TT1MC`Ati+11D BRAZ'NG <br /> Regarding welding,cutting,orbrazing,there grill be none at this site. <br /> 2M MW <br /> Work around Targe equipment often creates excessive noise, The effects of nolse <br /> can include: <br /> Workers being startled,annoyed,ordistracted. <br /> Physical damage to the ear, pain, and temporary and/or permanent hearing <br /> toss. <br /> 6 <br />