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CONTENTS <br />NOTICE................................................................................................................... ii <br />CONTENTS" <br />.............................................................................................................. iii <br />LIST OF ACRONYMS................................................................................................ vii <br />LISTOF TABLES................................................................................................... ix <br />LIST OF FIGURES...................................................................................................... xi <br />EXECUTIVE SUMMARY........................................................................................... xvii <br />1. <br />INTRODUCTION........................................................................................... 1-1 <br />1-1 <br />Background..................................................................................................1-1 <br />1-2 <br />Scope of report.............................................................................................. <br />1-1 <br />1-3 <br />Report organization ........................ ................................................................ <br />1-1 <br />1-4 <br />Acknowledgements........................................................................................1-2 <br />2. <br />REDUCING WASTEWATER GENERATION...................................................... <br />2-1 <br />2-1 <br />Water usage................................................................................................. <br />2-1 <br />2-2 <br />Flow reducers............................................................................................... <br />2-2 <br />2-3 <br />Low water appliances..................................................................................... <br />2-3 <br />2-4 <br />Efficient water heaters.................................................................................... <br />2-4 <br />2-5 <br />Water saving toilets and urinals........................................................................ <br />2-6 <br />2-6 <br />Greywater separation and dual plumbing............................................................ <br />2-8 <br />3. <br />NON -DISCHARGING (CONTAINMENT) SYSTEMS ............................................. 3-1 <br />3-1 <br />Composting toilets......................................................................................... <br />3-1 <br />3-2 <br />Incinerating toilets........................................................................................ <br />3-21 <br />3-3 <br />Vault toilets and holding tanks....................................................................... <br />3-24 <br />4. <br />PRIMARY TREATMENT SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES .............................. <br />4-1 <br />4-1 <br />Lint filters..................................................................................................... <br />4-1 <br />4-2 <br />Grease traps (oil and grease interceptors).......................................................... <br />4-1 <br />4-3 <br />Septic tanks................................................................................................. <br />4-3 <br />4-4 <br />Septic tank additives....................................................................................... <br />4-5 <br />4-5 <br />Septic tank outlet (effluent) filters..................................................................... <br />4-5 <br />4-6 <br />Septic tank liners/sealants............................................................................. <br />4-10 <br />I <br />