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05/26/2009 . 13:18 951827 DOUGLAS KUNEY PAGE 03/10 <br /> LAGOON DESIGN AND X&SAGEUNT FOR LAYER WASTE TRE&THENT AND STORAGE <br /> James C. Barker,* Philip W. �Testarman,* and L.M. Safley* <br /> The trend away from small dispersed poultry production units to larger <br /> Concentrated operations has increased nwzaagement requir�ents for manure and <br /> wastewater. Utilization systems which conserve fertilized nutrients often are <br /> more sophisticated, expensive and laborious for handling concentrated wastes. <br /> Systems which pretreat raw waste for management "so usually result in a <br /> loss of fertilizer nutrients. Any waste handling system must meet existing <br /> stream pollution reSulati*ns which stipulate that poliut=6ts not be discharged <br /> from concentrated animal feeding operations directly intaisurface waters. <br /> Lagoons became popular for poultry waste treatment las historic interest <br /> to utilize manure, fortilizor nutrients by direct land application was replaced <br /> by desires to have more convenient waste management systems. Originally <br /> Viewed as a total disposal system; it has become recogn zed that in moisture <br /> excess regions, lagoons are just one pretreatment process in the overall waste <br /> man agvm"uL plan. Lagoons usually fill to capacity aftet two or three year* <br /> due to the waste volume being added and a rainfall surplus. When the filling <br /> process is complete, overflow will occur unless the oper tor is in a position <br /> to apply the excess liquid back to field crops, grasslaud or woodlots. <br /> Lagoon act as biological digesters in which two major types of bactari4 <br /> decompose organic matter into gases, liquids and sludge.1 Anaerobic bacteria, <br /> present in the intestinal tract of warm-blooded animals, do not survive in the <br /> presence of free oxygen. Aerobic bacteria require free eiamental oxygen. <br /> ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES <br /> Advantages of lagoon systems for treatment of poultry wants include: <br /> 1. Waste treatment ease and convenience <br /> 2. Storage and disposal flexibility allows opportune field spreading. <br /> 3. Less land is required for the total treatment s tem. <br /> 4. Liquid can be recycled for flushing wastes frt building pits or <br /> land applied by simple irrigation. <br /> 5. Lower labor requirements and operating costs <br /> Disadvantages of lagoon systems are: <br /> 1. Appreciable loss of manure fortiliger value. <br /> 2. Offensive odors if improperly designed and maoa8ed. <br /> 3. Frequent sludge removal may be required if lagoon is undersized. <br /> 4. Groundwater protection considerations. <br /> 5. High energy costa if mechanical aeration is used. <br /> Professors, Biological and.Agricultural EngineeringlDepartment, North <br /> Carolina state University, Raleigh, NC. <br /> Presented at National Poultry Waste Management Symlosium. Columbus, OR, <br /> April 18-19, 1988. <br /> 26 <br />