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05/26/2009 13:18 9518273 DOUGLAS KUNEY PAGE 05/10 <br /> lagoon loading rates for the United states recommended by the Amerluain Society <br /> of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE Engineering Practice 6403) ranging from 2.8 <br /> to 4.8 lbs VS / day / 1000 cubic feet of lagoon liquid volume for cold to warm <br /> climates, respectively. This translates to a design trtment volume range of <br /> 10.1 cubic feet of lagoon liquid per bird in warm cli Ices to 17.2 cubic feet <br /> per bird in cold climates Cor layer operations. <br /> Lagoons may be round, square, rectangular, or irr gularly shaped to fit <br /> existing terrain provided the perimeter does not contal; unusually deep bays <br /> or pockets. Length-to-width ratios for rectangular 'la cons should not exceed <br /> 4.1 to encourage even distribution of waste. Sideelaplaa generally vary from <br /> 1:1 in clay sails to 3:1 in sandy soils. A mimimum, liquid depth of 6 feet <br /> should always be maintained in an anaerobic lagoon. Maximum depths are <br /> dictated by sail and groundwater site constraints but y range up to 20 feet <br /> to minimize the surface area and to encourage dissolution of anaerobic gases. <br /> A la-urel lagoon bottom is desirable btit not absolutely n4cessary. <br /> A site investigation by an agency with soils expeitiss such as the Soil <br /> Conservation Service should be made to determine L.Ims *wil characteristics and <br /> suitability of the site for lagoon constr=tion. Location on highly permeable <br /> soils -which will not seal or shallow soils over high wader tables or fractured <br /> or cavernous rock may allow groundwater contamination. i Several studies have <br /> shove that most livestock and poultry lagoons receiv ng raw manure quickly <br /> seal limiting soil permeabiliLy tv as low as le-6 lcwaftd. The sealing <br /> mechanism is mainly physical, i.e. , organic solids a±e trapped within soil <br /> pores at the soil surface. Biological mechauismss also 61p bind manure solids <br /> to soil particles thus strengthening the seal. Chimical constituents of <br /> manure such as sodium also tend to disperse soil partiles. The predominance <br /> of professional opinion auggemts that with pro-per nitial site selection <br /> poultry lagoons have very little potential for groundwater contamination. <br /> Management <br /> Figure I outi-inas a lagoon management scheme. New lagoons should be. <br /> filled one-half full with water before waste loading begins. Start-up during <br /> warm weather and seeding with bottom sludge from a worEug lagoon will speed <br /> Table 2. U.S. Poultry Anaerobic Lagoon Des gn Criteria <br /> . I ... - -1 <br /> Bird type Average Recommended Maximum ReJommended Minimum Lagoon <br /> Bird Lagoon Loading Rate* : Dligan Treatment Capacity <br /> Live ---- - ------------- <br /> ­ ---------------------- <br /> Weight Warm*-*- - Mild*** Cold**** va�m Mild Cold <br /> lbs --lbs VS/day/1000. ft3-- ------ft3/bird--------- <br /> 1----------------------- <br /> Layer <br /> --- <br /> I----­--­------------- <br /> Layer 4.0 4.8 3.8 2-8 10111, 12.7 17.2 <br /> Pullet 1.5 4.8 3.8 2.8 318 4.8 6.5 <br /> American Society of Agricultural Engineers Er4jneerjrqg Prs;;tjce EP403 <br /> Southwest border, central TX, north FL; no ice formed during winter. <br /> Northern CA, northarn NM, central MO, northeim KC; some ice. <br /> Northern VA, northern SD, northern WI, southeim ME; considerable ice. <br /> 28 <br />