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05/26/2009 13:27 • 9518273 DOUGLAS KUNEV I PAGE 03/14 <br /> Y TL <br /> $ldrldge R. Collins, ar. <br /> Professor and Pxtensiofticultura Engineer <br /> Department of Agricultural ngin +ging <br /> Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University <br /> Blacksburg,, VA 24061-0303 <br /> Lagoons offer a method of waste treatment aIid handling that <br /> is convenient and, thus,. attractive to <br /> prs. Th e t steful of n�tpzien since 5a <br /> to 75 percent of the nitrogvn content may be lost during the <br /> course of txoatmenit and land application o affluent. Such <br /> of phosphorus is cone in tom sludge which <br /> is infrequently removed from the lagoon. ver, the less <br /> or nutrients may be a secorKIary issue sine operations <br /> are located on relatively small tracts of Jrand <br /> application of raw wastes at crop utilization rates is not <br /> possible. in these cases,, lagooning and its accompanying <br /> loss of nitrogen effectively u e tdtal land <br /> requirement for environmentally safe land application. ror <br /> thoseo want to incorporato the fits o <br /> undaareage flushing, the lagoon is a necosadry component of <br /> e total waste removal/handlinqsystem- <br /> poultry <br /> wastes Contain bacterla whic4a, wh the en, vironment <br /> is mitable,, grow and multiply while dlgesiing some' of the <br /> wastes. Lagoons area method of harnessin4these bacteria <br /> by constructing waterfor waste treatment, <br /> Drage., and di - clanii-fications of <br /> bacteria can tunction in 1 ic, aerobic, and <br /> facultative, anaerobic bacteria do not rkp4re free oxygen <br /> (dissolved in the waste materials) to growland multiply. <br /> Aerobic bacteria require free oxygen for ival" while <br /> facultative bacteria can grow and multiply1with or without <br /> free en. ProvAsses which utilixe annetobia baCteria can <br /> decampme more organic matter per unit vol aerobic <br /> es, and <br /> generally allow <br /> concentratid. Therefore,, anaerobicand/or I facultative d <br /> processes are often used fordo ilization of ' <br /> strong organic C produced in poultry <br /> ti <br /> Say <br /> factors in the succAms of a i the <br /> fa en applicable atio , <br /> Proper construction to protect ground and iuiface waters" <br /> and a good understanding of the limitationiof lagoons. in <br /> areas of moderate or heavy rainfalls fi�;ient cro1 , <br /> • <br /> grassland, or for i avail 1i for effluent <br /> application at agronomic rates. Barth (2) in a study of <br /> field data from succesaftl lagoons the United <br /> states, identified four of lagoon success listed in, <br /> 266 <br /> _....="�-^,.- . , .w•-"'--e._....... .`-�-�'=tea -" — — — —�Gw �,„-.:�... . -.. <br /> I <br />