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Section 11 - Toxicological; Jn#urination
<br /> • III I
<br /> The primary component of this product is iron . Long-term exposure to iron dusts or fumes can result in a condition called siderosis which is
<br /> considered to be a benign pneumoconiosis . Symptoms may include chronic bronchitis, emphysema , and shortness of breath upon exertion .
<br /> Penetration of iron particles in the skin or eye may cause an exogenous or ocular siderosis which may be characterized by a red-brown
<br /> pigmentation of the affected area . Ingestion overexposures to iron may affect the gastrointestinal, nervous, and hematopoietic system and
<br /> the liver. Iron and steel founding, but not iron or iron oxide, has been listed as carcinogenic ( Group 1 ) by IARC .
<br /> • When this product is welded, fumes are generated . Welding fumes may be different in composition from the original welding product, with
<br /> the chief component being ordinary oxides of the metal being welded . Chronic health effects ( including cancer) have been associated with
<br /> the fumes and dusts of individual component metals ( see above ), and welding fumes as a general category have been listed by IARC as a
<br /> carcinogen ( Group 213 ) . There is also limited evidence that welding fumes may cause adverse reproductive and fetal effects . Evidence is
<br /> stronger where welding materials contain known reproductive toxins, e .g., lead which may be present in the coating material of this product .
<br /> • Breathing fumes or dusts of this product may result in metal fume fever, which is an illness produced by inhaling metal oxides . These oxides
<br /> are produced by heating various metals including cadmium, zinc, magnesium , copper, antimony, nickel, cobalt, manganese, tin, lead,
<br /> beryllium, silver, chromium, aluminum, selenium , iron, and arsenic . The most common agents involved are zinc and copper.
<br /> • This product may contain small amounts of manganese . Prolonged exposure to manganese dusts or fumes is associated with " manganism ", a
<br /> Parkinson- like syndrome characterized by a variety of neurological symptoms including muscle spasms, gait disturbances, tremors, and
<br /> psychoses .
<br /> • This product may contain small amounts of cadmium . Primary target organs for cadmium overexposure are the lung and the kidney . Because
<br /> of its cumulative nature, chronic cadmium poisoning can cause serious disease which takes many years to develop and may continue to
<br /> progress despite cessation of exposure . Progression of the disease may not reflect current exposure conditions . It is also capable of causing a
<br /> painful osteomalacia called "Itai-ltai" in postmenopausal women, and has caused developmental effects and/or reproductive effects in male
<br /> and female animals . Cadmium is a listed carcinogen by NTP, OSHA, and IARC (Group 1 ) .
<br /> • This product may contain small amounts of chromium . Prolonged and repeated overexposure to chromium dusts or fumes may cause skin
<br /> ulcers, nasal irritation and ulceration, kidney damage and cancer of the respiratory system . Chromium is skin sensitizer. Cancer is generally
<br /> attributed to the hexavalent (+6) form of chromium which is listed as a carcinogen by NTP and IARC ( Group 1 ) .
<br /> • This product may contain small amounts of nickel . Prolonged and repeated contact with nickel may cause sensitization dermatitis . Inhalation
<br /> of nickel compounds has caused lung damage as well as sinus, nasal and lung cancer in laboratory animals . Nickel is a listed carcinogen by
<br /> NTP and IARC ( Group 1 ) .
<br /> • This product may contain small amounts of vanadium . Adverse effects from dermal, inhalation or parenteral exposure to various vanadium
<br /> compounds have been reported . The major target for vanadium pentoxide toxicity is the respiratory tract . Fumes or dust can cause severe
<br /> eye and respiratory irritation, and systemic effects . Chronic bronchitis, green tongue, conjunctivitis, pharyngitis, rhinitis , rales, chronic
<br /> productive cough, and tightness of the chest have been reported following overexposure . Allergic reactions resulting from skin and
<br /> inhalation exposures have also been reported . A statistical association between vanadium air levels and lung cancer has been suggested, but
<br /> vanadium currently is not regarded as a human carcinogen .
<br /> • This product may contain small amounts of lead . Lead can accumulate in the body . Consequently, exposure to fumes or dust may produce
<br /> signs of polyneuritis, diminished vision and peripheral neuropathy, such as tingling and loss of feeling in fingers, arms and legs. Lead is a
<br /> known reproductive and developmental toxin .
<br /> • It is also associated with central nervous system disorders, anemia, kidney dysfunction, and neurobehavioral abnormalities . The brain is a
<br /> major target organ for lead exposure . Elemental lead is listed as an IARC 2B carcinogen .
<br /> • The product may contain small amounts of copper. Copper dust and fumes can irritate the eyes, nose and throat causing coughing,
<br /> wheezing, nosebleeds, ulcers and metal fume fever. Other effects from repeated inhalation of copper fumes include a metallic or sweet
<br /> taste, and discoloration of skin, teeth or hair. Copper also may cause an allergic skin reaction . Overexposure to copper can affect the liver.
<br /> Pava A of 7 Rev. 5 /15
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