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modified by local recharge and discharge patterns. During November 2003, ground water monitoring at several sites within 1,500 feet of Cain Electrical Works detected ground water at a depth of 50 to 55 feet bsg; the ground water flow direction was towards the south at a gradient of approximately 0.001 foot/foot. Ground water is considered to be of beneficial use and is utilized for domestic, industrial and commercial purposes. PREVIOUS GROUND WATER INVESTIGATIONS An investigation of PCE- and trichloroethene (TCE)-impacted soil and ground water has been ongoing throughout northeast and central Lodi since 1989, when the contaminants were first detected in city water supply wells. According to a report entitled Summary Report - Potential Responsible Parties Search and Source Investigations Lodi Groundwater Site, dated 20 March 1996, prepared by the Northeast Research Institute, L.L.C. (NERI), the Lodi ground water investigation encompasses the area bounded by Lockeford Road on the north, Elm Street on the south, Washington Street on the east and Pleasant Avenue on the west. Previous Regional Ground Water Investigations The URS Consultants-prepared Lodi Phase I Remedial Investigation Report, Lodi Groundwater Site, dated 28 June 1994, indicated that PCE and 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCA) were detected in passive soil gas samples (pyrex tubes) collected from the perimeter of the site; TCE was not detected in these samples. The nearest and most up-gradient source of TCE detected during the passive soil gas survey was in a residential area at First and Church Streets, approximately 150 feet north of Cain Electrical Works. The NERI summary report, based on the URS Consultants' passive soil gas survey, concluded that PCE and 1,1,1-TCA were constituents in soil vapor near the site. In addition, the NERI report stated that TCE has been detected in water samples collected from the City of Lodi domestic well number CW-2, located immediately southeast of the site, at concentrations up to 4.6 micrograms per liter (gg/1), but PCE has not been detected in water samples collected from well CW-2. Henshaw Associates, Inc. (Henshaw) performed a subsurface investigation across the City of Lodi in 2000, which included a soil gas (vapor) survey and ground water investigation of the City of Lodi Right-of-Way. A set of samples collected from five locations surrounding and near the site effectively delineated the lateral limits of PCE impact; soil vapor was not impacted surrounding the site. One of the non-detect sampling points was located directly southwest of the Cain site, in the apparent down-gradient ground flow direction; this sampling point (SC-19) was non-detect for the chemicals of concern, in both ground water and soil vapor. The closest sampling point (C-49) with PCE-impacted soil vapor was located approximately 600 feet southeast of the site, beyond three other sampling locations (C-42, SC-20 and SC-21) with no detection of PCE in soil vapor. Advanced GeoEnvironmental, Inc.